1.2 - The Muscular System

• Striated

  Appearance of light and dark stripes
• Origin


  The attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone
• Insertion


  The attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone
• Contractility


  The ability of a muscle to shorten (under tension)
• Extensibility 


  The ability to extend beyond its normal length (under tension)
• Elasticity


  The ability to return to its resting length

  
• Atrophy


  The ability to lose mass, size and strength due to lack of training

  
• Hypertrophy


  The ability to build muscle and grow in size due to training

  
• Controlled by nerve stimuli

  Movement occurs based upon stimulation for the central nervous system

  
• Fed by capillaries


  Provided nutrients including, O2, glucode remove CO2

  
• SmoothMuscle

  Location: Walls of organs and blood vessels

  Appearance: Narrow, non started, uninucleate fibres

  Contraction: Voluntary

  
• CardiacMuscle

  Location: In the walls if the heart

  Appearance: Straighted, branched, uninucleate fibres

  Contraction: Involuntary

  
• Skeletal Muscle


  Location: Attached to the skeleton via tendon

  Appearance: Strated, multinucleated fibres

  Contraction: Involuntary
• Deltoid

  Origin: Scapula, clavicle

  Insertion: Lateral humerus
• Pectorals


  Origin: Sternum, Clavicle, Anterior ribs

  Insertion: Hemurus
• Biceps Brachii


  Origin: Scapula

  Insertion: Radus, Ulna
• Abdominus Rectus

  Origin:Pubis

  Insertion: 5th to 7th ribs and sternum
• External Obliques


  Origin:Lower 8 ribs

  Insertion: Ilium
• Iliopsoas


  Origin: Lumbar vertebrae, ilium

  Insertion: Inner femur
• Sartorius

  Origin:Ilium

  Insertion:Medial tibia
• Quadriceps


  Vastus
• Quadriceps Femoris


  Vastus Medialis

  • Origin: Femur
  • Insertion: Patella, upper tibia

  Rectus Femoris:

  • Origin: Ilium
  • Insertion: Patella, upper tibia

  Vastus intermedius:

  • Origin: Ilium
  • Insertion: Patella, upper tibia

  Vastus Lateralis:

  • Origin: Ilium
  • Insertion: Patella, upper tibia
• Tibialis Anterior


  Origin: lateral tibia

  Insertion: 1st metatarsal
• Trapezius

  Origin: cervical and thoracic vertebrae, base of skull

  Insertion: clavicle and scapula
• Erector Spinae

  Origin: ribs, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, ilium

  Insertion: ribs, cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
• Triceps Brachii


  Origin: Scapula, hemerus

  Insertion: ulna
• Latissimus Dorsi

  Origin: sacrum, ilium, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

  Insertion: humerus
• Gluteus Maximus

  Origin: Posterior Ilium, sacrum, coccyx

  Insertion: lateral femur
• Hamstring


  Biceps:

  • Origin: Ischium, Femur
  • Insertion: Fibula, lateral tibia

  Semitendinosus:

  • Origin: Ischium
  • Insertion: Medial tibia

  Semimembranosus:

  • Origin: Ischium
  • Insertion: Medial tibia
• Gastrocnemius

  Origin: Posterior Femur

  Insertion: Calcaneus (tarsal bone) via achilles tendon
• Soleus

  Origin: Posterior tibia, fibula

  Insertion: Calcaneus (tarsal bone) via achilles tendon