Purcom

• Language - system of communication.
• Language - way of communication.
• Through language, we can express ourselves to others.
• thinking is only possible through language.
• Without language, society would be impossible.
• Language - dominates every aspects of human life.
• Human Knowledge and culture is stored and passed on to the next generation through language.
• Language - an innate endowment.
• Noah Chomsky - father of modern linguistics.
• Noah Chomsky - underlies all human speech and is based in the innate structure of the mind/brain.
• Noah Chomsky - revolutionized the linguistics field by introducing the Chomsky Hierarchy, Generative Grammar, Universal Grammar
• Characteristics of Language

  1. Language is a system.
  2. Language is primarily speech nor writing.
  3. Language is a set of habits.
  4. Where human being exist. language exists.
• Functions of Language.

  1. Means of communication
  2. Language enables an individual to live in the society.
  3. Language is a means of individual self- expression.
  4. Language is a bridge between an individual and his environment.
  5. Language is the medium of literature.
  6. Language is a bridge between an individual and his environment.
• Language is unique to humans.
• ELEPHANTS use their trunks to talk to other herds over long distance.
• COBRAS inflate their hood when sensing danger.
• PEACOCKS use their elaborate tails during courting rituals.
• FIREFLIES glow to attract mates
• Language Learning - learning the 2nd language.
• Language Acquisition - learning the 1st language/native language (mother tongue)
• Structure of Language:

  1. Phonology
  2. Morphology
  3. Semantics
  4. Syntax
• Phonology - is the use of sounds to encode messages within a spoken human language. Example: /b/, /l/,/m/,/n/
• Morphology - is the study of words/morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest utterances with meaning. Example: Flower, box
• Semantics - is the study of meaning.
• synonymy - same meaning (old and aged)
• homophony - same sound, different meaning (would and wood)
• antonymy - opposite meaning (tall and short)
• connotation - additional meanings that derive from the typical contexts in which they are used in everyday speech (clover - good luck.)
• Semantics:

  1. Synonymy
  2. Homophony
  3. Antonymy
  4. Connotation
• Syntax - is the study of rules and principles for constructing sentences in natural languages.
• James Humes - The art of communication is the language of leadership.
• It is a mistake to believe that communication is a simple process.
• Effective communication - can breach peace, spark revolutions
• James Berlin - The art of one's communication reflects heart one's thinking.
• Communication - used to meet the purpose of a person
• Communication - process of exchanging verbal/non-verbal information.
• Communication (purpose of the person)

  1. To inform
  2. To persuade
  3. To entertain
• Communication - can be in the form of written, verbal, non-verbal and visuals.
• Types of Communication:

  1. Written Communication
  2. Verbal Communication
  3. Non-Verbal Communication
  4. Visuals
• Written Communication - involves texts or words