Review of cells and bonding

• Non-covalent bonds: relatively weak chemical bonds based attractive forces between oppositely charged regions

  include:

  • ionic bonds: (these are relatively weak in a cellular context. Ie in the presence of water since they will interact with water)
  • Electrostatic interaction that occurs between groups of opposite charges. Eg: positively charged protein associating with negatively charged DNA
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Van der Waals interactions
• Hydrophobic effect:

  • The tendency of nonpolar molecules to aggregate together in order to minimize their collective interaction with surrounding polar water molecules

  Basis for the formation of lipid bilayer membrane
• Basic properties of cells:

  1. Cells are highly organized and consistent
  2. Cells contain genetic info
  3. Cells acquire and use energy
  4. Cells carry out an array of different chemical reactions that generally require enzymes to increase the reaction rate
  5. Cells are involved in mechanical activities
  6. Cells respond to stimuli
  7. Cells are capable of self-regulation
  8. Cells evolve
  9. cells reproduce by division
• Commonalities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

  A) plasma

  B) DNA

  C) genetic

  D) ribosomes

  E) proteins

  F) proteasomes

  G) tubulin

  
• Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:

  A) nucleus

  B) chromosomes

  C) ER

  D) golgi

  E) mitochondria

  F) chloroplasts

  G) phagocytosis

  H) diploidy

  
• Cell theory

  1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. the cell is the structural unit of life
  3. cells can only arise by division from a pre-existing cell
  4. Cells contain genetic info in the form of DNA and that info is passed form parent to daughter cell
• Hydrogen donors vs acceptors

  Molecule with hydrogen attached = donor

  Molecule about to make a bond with donor = acceptor