Case studies

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    Created by
    Mabel smith

    Cards (44)

    • What are the case studies for water and carbon cycles
      Amazon rainforest and arctic tundra
    • What is a tropical rainforest
      An area with no dry season
    • What area does Amazon rainforest occupy
      6 million km2
    • What is the climate of the Amazon rainforest
      Over 2000mm of annual rainfall
      average temp is 27 degrees
    • What percentage of earths oxygen is produced by rainforest
      20
    • How many trees does the rainforest have
      300 billion
    • What are the characteristics of rainforest soil
      very deep and has a layer of humus on the top, due to decomposition
    • What are inputs of water into the RF
      precipitation
    • What % of rainfall is recycled in the ARF
      50
    • What are the stores of water in the ARF
      Atmosphere
      lakes and rivers
      trees
      soil
    • What are the factors affecting the water cycle in the ARF
      Temperature
      geology
    • What is the NPP of the ARF
      2500
    • Factors affecting the carbon cycle in the ARF
      temperature
      vegetation
      soil
    • What are the causes of deforestation in the ARF
      burning - over 1000 burnt in 2022
      shifting cultivation
      grazing
    • What is shifting cultivation
      When trees are cut down to make room for crops
    • What is grazing
      Large areas of forest are cleared to make room for cattle
    • How does deforestation affect the carbon cycle in the ARF
      Less vegetation so less co2 absorbed from photosynthesis
      fires - emit co2
    • What are the impacts of deforestation on the water cycle in the ARF
      interception will decrease and risk of floods increases
      evapotranspiration decreases therefore precipitation decreases
    • What happened at the Madeira river basin
      Deforestation in the highlands of Peru meant there was a land tsunami causing the death of 60 people.
    • What happens to albedo after deforestation
      It is lowered - leads to a positive feedback cycle of rise in temperature
    • What is the ARPA management strategy in the ARF
      Amazon regional protected areas
      aims to decrease deforestation
      has 70mil hectares of land in protected areas and has led to a 37% decrease.
    • What were the limitations of the ARPA project in ARF
      illegal logging was still happening
      the protected areas were an obstacle to economic growth
    • What were the successes of the ARPA project in the ARF
      37% decrease
      when the programme turned 15 it reached 100% of its targets
    • What was the surui people and UN- RED scheme
      UN-REDD are trying to help the tribe of surui people to protect the forest. They are giving trees to plant and been told to report illegal logging
      also given carbon credits
    • What were the benefits of the UNREDD project
      The carbon offsets were equivalent to 64,000 cars been removed from the road a year
      in 2013 they sold 120,000 tonnes of carbon to natura
    • What were the limitations of the UN REDD scheme
      Suspended in 2016 due to logging
      carbon credit programme collapsed after they discovered diamonds beneath the forest.
    • What did the CREES foundation do
      Promote agroforestry- a Peruvian based NGO. Provide training and loans
    • Where is arctic tundra located
      Arctic circle in the northern hemisphere
    • What is the climate of arctic tundra
      Only 137mm of rainfall a year
      average temp is about -12
      can reach -40 in winter
    • What is permafrost
      Ground that has been frozen for 2 years
    • What is unfrozen found within permafrost called
      Talik
    • What is the water cycle like in the arctic tundra
      Very low, little precipitation so little evaporation
    • What are the seasonal changes to the water cycle in the arctic tundra
      In the summer months there is more surface water due to melting and thawing
    • What factors affect the water cycle in the arctic tundra
      Temperature
      rock porosity
    • where Is most carbon stored in the arctic tundra
      trapped in frozen permafrost
    • What is the carbon cycle like in the arctic tundra
      Very little photosynthesis and respiration.
    • What happens in the summer in arctic tundra
      Longer daylight hours so plants begin to grow and carbon is absorbed
    • Where is the oil industry in Alaska
      Prudhoe bay Alaska (1968)
    • What does oil do for the north slope of Alaska
      Generates 1/2 of GDP
      1/4 of jobs
      the trans Alaskan pipeline was developed 800 miles long
    • How has the oil industry affected the water cycle
      Permafrost thaws so there is more run off which increases flood risk. Increased precipitation due to more evaporation
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