booklet 9 - london case study

• What are some of the social and economic issues associated with urbanisation?

  - reduced access to education ​

  - reduced access to housing ​

  - poor nutrition ​

  - higher levels of crime ​

  - less access to green areas ​

  - congestion - increased pollution from stationary vehicles, increasing health issues ​

  - stress on public services - healthcare, schools, public transport
• what is the IMD?

  The index of multiple deprivation ​

  - government study measuring deprivation at small area level across England
• how is IMD measured?

  7 dimensions of deprivation: ​

  - income ​

  - employment ​

  - health and disability ​

  - education, skills and training ​

  - barriers to housing and services ​

  - crime ​

  - living environment
• economic inequality within london

  - unemployment rate in Poplar is highest in Western Europe ​

  - canary wharf is next to polar but is 273x wealthier ​

  - 25% live in poverty in London​

  - 2015 - London fairness commission found for every £1 of wealth owned by the bottom 10% of London households , the top 10% owned £172 ​

  - 2017 - 21% paid less than the London living wage
• how is london socially segregated?

  - life expectancy can be up to 20 years different​

  - Kensington and Chelsea - average income of £130,000​

  - Newham - avg income less than £35,000​

  - segregation based on age and class ​

  - less interaction with people of different age ​

  - North East London = more deprived ​

  - barking, Dagenham and Edmonton amongst the most deprived ​

  - south west = less deprived ​

  - Teddington, Twickenham and Wimbledon ​

  - inner London = more deprived than outer London
• What percentage of people in London live in poverty?

  25%
• What is a consequence of gentrification in inner-city areas like Notting Hill?


  It forces poorer residents out.
• What type of hate crime is an issue in London?

  Hate crime based on race and religion.
• How many anti-Muslim incidents were reported in London between July 2014 and July 2015?

  Over 800 incidents.
• What social issue can arise from residents having less interaction with other age groups in London?

  Some residents may feel isolated.
• How much more do the top tenth of employees in London earn compared to the bottom tenth?

  4.5 times more.
• What demographic extremes exist in London?

  It is home to some of the richest and poorest in the UK.
• how has socio-economic status changed in London?

  Canary wharf and Stratford have both moved up market between 2001 and 2011 -due to regeneration in the area (Olympics) ​

  
  

  - regeneration of London docks and in Newham ​

  
  

  Hounslow moved downmarket ​

  
  

  Notting Hill remained the same ​

  
  

  Generally inner-city areas have

  moved up market whist outer city areas have moved downmarket
• what is diaspora?


  a group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world
• why is london culturally diverse?

  more than 50 cultural communities (with populations of 10,000 +)​

  
  

  more than 300 languages spoken ​

  
  

  more than 50% not British (can differ widely depending on borough) ​

  
  

  culturally diverse due to migrants moving to Britain from the west indies ​

  
  

  plenty of employment opportunities in factories + proximity to Heathrow
• negative impacts of london being culturally diverse

  - instances of hostility towards immigrant groups ​

  - hate crime based on race and religion is an issue
• What is the link between economic inequality and cultural diversity in london?

  - ethnic minorities earn less than white British​

  - Pakistani residents earn 34% less than white British​

  - unemployment rates are higher for ethnic minorities
• spatia; distribution of Pakistanis in Lod

  - higher levels of Pakistanis are found in the inner city ​

  - often libiving in more deprived areas ​

  - this may be due to them being unable to afford to move to the outer city ​

  - the more affluent, white British are able to to
• mini case study -

  Hounslow- 10% of households earn under £10,000 a year ​

  - 19% of population are indina (increased by 9% since 2001)​

  - 35% are from minority groups ​

  - more than 75% are white British ​

  - highest occupation is professional occupations (20%) - closely followed by elementaryoccupations (13%)​

  - over half are deprived ​

  - 35.2% deprived in one dimension
• mini case study -

  Kensington + Chelsea- 26.6% are directors, senior officials and managers (double avg) ​

  - 59.5% have level four and above qualifications ​

  - 63.7% white ​

  - 52.6% aren't deprived - showing affluence, links to the skill sets present
• strategies to reduce poverty in london

  - increasing the London living wage by more than 5% to £8.30 per hour to tackle poverty ​

  - four-year affordable homes building scheme providing homes for around 250000 Londoners ​

  - £2 million investment inyoung people ​

  - £51 million investment in tackling heating cost ​

  - public transport free for under 18s
• strategies to encourage social + cultural integration in london

  - developing London enriched - integration strategy for refugees and vulnerable migrants ​

  - building stronger neighbourhoods and improving social and community cohesion - introducingTeam London volunteering scheme ​

  - improving education - tracking the progress and attainment of different groups of pupils who maybe at educational disadvantage