mumbai case study

• why is mumbai important?

  - Most populated Indian city

  - Geographic locations very significant - on major shipping route through med sea via Suez Canal ​

  - Major airport - connected to other Indian cities by road and rail ​

  - One of worlds top 10 centres of commerce in terms of global finance flow ​

  - Home to Bollywood - financial and commercial centre of india
• Mumbai's population


  approx 23 million

  - highest pop density of any city in world
• Mumbai - GDP


  Accounts for 6% of indias GDP, 40% of foreign trade (2015)
• mumbai - causes of rapid growth

  - doubled since 1991

  - Largely due to influx of migrants from other Indian areas in search of employment ​

  Natural increase –less significant but populations increasing naturally ​

  Migration –38% from Maharashtra state ​
• reasons for migration to mumbai

  - Farming undergone changes with increased machinery, forced people out of work ​

  - Mumbai has employment opportunities in service industries and manufacturing, pay higher wages ​

  - More schools, health services and entertainment
• What is the population density characteristic of Mumbai?

  Extremely dense population
• How has Mumbai's urbanization changed over the past 60 years?


  Urbanised rapidly from original fishing village
• What role did the British colonial administration play in Mumbai's development?

  Developed sheltered inlet into a major port
• How has the center of density in Mumbai changed over time?

  From island city to suburban Salsette, with over half living beyond Ville Parle in the west and old Kurla in the east
• In which direction is Mumbai's urban growth restricted?

  Can only grow north
• Where are property prices higher in Mumbai?

  In the south (Cuffe Parade = 22,000 to 60,000 per sqm)
• Where are property prices cheaper in Mumbai?

  In the north, cheapest in the northeast (Kurla = 3,500 to 6,500 per sqm)
• How much has Mumbai's population changed since 1971?

  More than doubled from approximately 8,000,000 to 21,000,000
• What does the increase in slums/informal housing in Mumbai indicate?

  Shows inequality
• What has happened to levels of formal housing in Mumbai?

  Has had a greater increase
• mumbais social opportunities - health care

  easier access to wider range of medical services (poor have access to basic services aswell)
• mumbais social opportunities - education

  easier to access in the cities
• mumbais social opportunities - water supply

  clean drinking water, varies throughout city (still have to queue in dharavi slum), less exposure to parasites
• mumbais social opportunities - energy

  Mumbai has both electricity and energy supplies
• mumbais economic opportunities

  Many job opportunities –manufacturing hub, port, headquarters of financial institutions within india, Bollywood ​

  Finanial and commercial centre of india
• challenges in mumbai - social

  Growth of slums – poor health, sanitation, education, unemployment, crime​

  Crime –31% victims of crime ​

  Sanitation -only 30% have access to sanitation system

  ​Waste disposal –spread of disease, unsafe
• challenges in mumbai - economic

  Monsoons - destroy infrastructure, electricity, water supply, communication networks and public transport
• challenges in mumbai - environmental

  Limited to where it can grow ​

  Heavy rainfall - monsoons, floods city ​

  Informal recycling ​

  700,000 cars on heavily congested Mumbai roads ​

  Discards 11,000 metric tonnes of rubbish everyday and landfills are overflowing
• challenges in Dharavi slums

  • Lack of sanitation –open sewers, children play amongst sewage wastewater and doctors deal with 4000 cases a day of diphtheria and typhoid ​
  • Lack of access to clean water –few water pipes in slum, only on for 2 hours so there’s a limited supply
  • ​Lack of legal rights -no plan of settlements / legal rights to land ​
  • Poor health –life expectancies low, toxic wastes increasing spread of disease
  • ​Unemployment and poor quality work –work in harsh conditions for very little pay (around £1 a day)
• managing issues - improvement of railways

  • Double discharge platforms - exit trains on both sides ​
  • Extending number of carriages - air conditioning ​
  • 2 new train lines built ​
  • Muck pickers - collect rubbish to stop it blocking the drains - prevent flooding ​
  • Axle counters - allow trains to carry on working in up to 10 cm rain ​
  • Elevated railway lines - allowing for fast east to west travel (21 mins), cheaper and prevents damage as wont be affected by flooding ​
  • Costs 1/2 billion, opened 2014
• managing issues - slum rehabilitation programmes

  • $2 million project – 10 year plan​
  • Build 14 storey high rise housing, new roads, sewage and water systems​
  • Demolishing slums –slum dwellers get free housing for 15 years on bottom floor flats ( if have lived in slums since 2000) ​

  HOWEVER – will separate communities, make people work somewhere different to where they live
• What is Navi Mumbai?

  A planned township to the east of Mumbai.
• What is the significance of Navi Mumbai in terms of urban planning?

  It is the largest new (planned) town in the world.
• When was Navi Mumbai designed?

  In 1972.
• What was the purpose of designing Navi Mumbai?

  To reduce congestion and population densities in Mumbai.
• What is the population of Navi Mumbai?

  1,111,000.
• How is Navi Mumbai connected to Mumbai?

  By roads and rail.
• Does Navi Mumbai have an international airport?


  Yes, it has an international airport.
• What type of transportation network does Navi Mumbai have?


  An extensive bus network.
• What types of firms are located in Navi Mumbai?

  Many IT and software firms.
• What are two notable areas in Navi Mumbai for IT and software firms?

  International Infotech Park and New Millennium City.
• What does Navi Mumbai offer in terms of employment?


  Employment opportunities.
• economic inequality in mumbai

  60% live in slums ​

  ​

  Average Indian would need to work for 3 centuries to pay for a luxury home in Mumbai ​

  
  

  Informal economy - no minimum wage, often work in dangerous conditions​

  
  

  One of richest cities in asia but home to some of worlds poorest people ​

  
  

  Over 1/4 of indias millionaires live in Mumbai ​