Sleep and Emotions

• Sleep

  an active state of unconsciousness produced by the body where the brain is in a relative state of rest and is reactive primarily to internal stimulus.
• Adverse Effects of Sleep Deprivation

  Failure to get sufficient sleep leads to lowered levels of alertness and is associated with increased risk of depression, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and even mortality (e.g., Abrams, 2015).
• Benefits of Sleep

  Sufficient levels of sleep are not just beneficial in the sense that the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation are avoided. Rather, there is likely added value of sufficient sleep such as lowered stress levels, improved mood, memory consolidation, etc.
• Sleep as an adaptive behavior: evolved to sleep through the night as periods of inactivity.
• Sleep as energy conservation: sleep allows for reduced energetic demands.
• Sleep as restoration: Sleep allows us to restore/repair the consequences of the activity associated with wakefulness.
• Sleep and the brain: Sleep is associated with changes in brain structure and brain organization.
• Sleep Disorders

  conditions that affect your ability to get the rest your body needs and maintain wakefulness.
• Insomnia

  being unable to fall asleep and stay asleep. This is the most common sleep disorder.
• Hypersomnia

  being unable to stay awake during the day. This includes narcolepsy, which causes extreme daytime sleepiness.
• Parasomnia

  acting in unusual ways while falling asleep, sleeping, or waking from sleep, such as walking, talking, or eating
• Sleep Apnea

  a breathing disorder in which you stop breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep.
• Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

  a tingling or prickly sensation in your legs, along with a powerful urge to move them.
• Dreams

  Any thoughts, images, or emotions that a person experiences while asleep.
• According to Sigmund Freud's interpretation of dreams, dreams are the road to unconsciousness.
• According to Sigmund Freud's interpretation of dreams, dreams contained both manifest and latent contents.
• circadian

  “around a day”
• emotion

  A mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behavior.
• amygdala

  The limbic system of the human brain controls emotions.
• motivation

  A driving force that initiates and directs behavior.
• drive

  internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body are out of balance, and goals, which are desired end states that we strive to attain.
• Intristic Motivation

  From Within

  • Autonomy
  • Mastery
  • Purpose
• Extrinsic Motivation

  From Outside

  • Compensation
  • Punishment
  • Reward
• Theories of Emotion and Motivation

  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
  • Reversal Theory (Dynamics of Motivation, Emotion, and Personality)
  • ERG Theory
  • Evolutionary Theory
  • Hawthorne Effect
• Two Types of Hunger

  Physical Hunger

  Psychological Hunger
• What factors influence our eating behaviors?

  ● Cultural

  ● Evolutionary

  ● Social

  ● Family

  ● Individual

  ● Economic status

  ● Psychological
•  Physical Hunger

  • Stomach, belly
  • Predictable, gradual, 3-5 hours, after last meal, regular
  • Slow, mindful
  • Open to diverse food
  • Eat with others
• Psychological Hunger

  • Mouth watering, need to chew something, chest
  • Urgent, hormonal, evening, when alone
  • Rapid, out of control
  • Highly specific food craving
  • Eat in isolation, shame