PHYSICS PAPER 2

• What is a scalar quantity?

  Magnitude only
• What is a vector quantity?

  Magnitude and direction
• What is an example of a scalar quantity?

  Temperature

  Mass

  Energy

  Distance

  Speed

  Density
• What is an example of a vector quantity?

  Force

  Displacement

  Velocity

  Acceleration

  Momentum
• What is a contact force?

  Force between 2 objects which are physically touching?
• What is an example of a contact force?

  Reaction force

  Tension

  Friction

  Air resistance
• What is a non-contact force?

  a force when the objects are physically separated.
• What is an example of a non-contact force?

  gravitational force,

  electrostatic force,

  magnetic force.
• What type of quantity is force? (Scalar or Vector)

  Vector
• What do all objects of mass produce?

  A gravitational field
• What is the gravitational field strength of earth?

  9.8 N/kg
• What is the equation for WEIGHT?

  Weight = mass x gravitational field strength (W=MG)
• How is weight measured?

  calibrating-spring balance (newton metre)
• How are weight and mass linked?


  DIrectly proportional
• What is weight measured in?

  Newtons (N)
• What is the equation for work done?


  Work done = force x distance (W=Fs)
• What is work done measured in?

  Joules (J)
• What is 1 joule equal to?

  1 newton-metre
• What is a change is shape called?

  Deformation
• What are some examples of elastic forces?

  Bending, Compressing, Stretching
• What is elastic deformation?


  When a force is removed from an object, it returns to the original shape
• What is inelastic deformation?

  When a force is removed from an object, it doesn't return to its original shape.
• What is the equation for force (elasticity)?

  Force = spring constant x extension (F =ke)
• What is Hooke's Law?

  The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied
• What is the limit of proportionality?


  The point at which hooke's law no longer applies, when the spring doesn't return to its original shape when force is applied
• What is the elastic limit of a spring?

  The furthest point it can be stretched without being deformed
• What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

  Ek = 1/2 x spring constant x (extension)2 (Ek = 0.5ke2)
• What is a moment?

  The turning effect of a force
• What is the equation for the moment of the force?

  Moment = force x distance (M=fd)
• What is the unit for moment?


  Nm
• If an object is balanced, how does this affect the moment?

  The clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
• What does a lever consist of?

  A pivot

  Effort

  Load
• What can be a fluid?

  gas or a liquid
• What is the equation for pressure?

  pressure = force/area
• What is the unit for pressure?

  Pascals (Pa)
• How does increased depth in a liquid effect pressure?


  Pressure increases as depth increases
• pressure = height of the column × density of the liquid × gravitational field strength

  P=hpg
• How does increased altitude affect the density of the atmosphere?

  Density decreases as less particles higher up
• What is the atmosphere?

  A thin layer of air around earth
• Why does atmospheric pressure decrease with increasing altitude?


  Higher up means less particles, this means less particle collisions causing a decrease in pressure.