Computer network

• Computer network


  Computers can be connected by networks to share data and resources
• Internet


  A computer network system that connects the computers of the world, normally connecting through WAN and LAN
• Intranet


  A close room computer network system, as it covers a small area and only authorized people can access it
• Client


  A computer that connects to and uses the resources of a remote computer, or server
• Server


  A computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a network
• Host/Node


  Any device that sends and receives information on the network
• Peripherals


  Devices that are connected to hosts
• Some devices can act as peripherals and hosts
• Protocol


  The set of defined rules that allows two entities to communicate across the network, e.g. IP, HTTP, SMTP, FTP
• Bandwidth


  Amount of data transmitted within a period of time
• Packets


  Small sections of data sent over the network
• IP Address


  The number used to identify a device on a network
• MAC Address


  A hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network
• Static IP address


  Assigned to a specific device and remains constant over time
• Dynamic IP address


  Assigned by the network when you connect and changes periodically
• Loopback Address


  An address to yourself, ranging from 127.0.0.1 through 127.255.255.255, an easy way to self-reference (ping 127.0.0.1)
• Reserved Address


  Set aside for future use or testing, ranging from 240.0.0.1 through 254.255.255.255
• Virtual IP Address (VIP)

  Not associated with a physical network adapter, e.g. virtual machine, internal router address, an alphanumeric, 128-Bit IP address
• IPV4-A 32 bit number
• IPV6- an alphanumeric, 128-Bit IP address
• HUB


  The simplest in the family of network connecting devices
• HUB


  • Used to connect devices on the same network only
  • The packet is copied to all of the ports
• SWITCH


  Stores the MAC addresses of the devices connected to it
• ROUTER


  Stores the MAC addresses and the IP addresses of the connected devices
• MODEM


  A device that enables a computer to send or receive data over telephone or cable lines
• Copper Cabling


  Uses electrical signals for data transmission
• Fiber-Optic Cabling


  Uses fiber or glass to transmit data as light pulses
• Fiber-Optic Cabling


  • Has a maximum cable length of 100 km
• Wireless Connection


  Uses radio signals, satellite, infrared technology
• RJ45/ LAN cable


  • Max. length of 100 m
  • Has several categories such as Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, etc. according to speed
• Fiber-optic cable


  • Max. length of 100 km
• Coaxial cable


  • Max. length of 500 m
• UTP (Unshielded Twister Pair) Cable


  A popular type of cable that is commonly used for Local Area Networks (LAN)
• STP (Shielded Twister Pair) Cable

  A twisted-pair cabling with additional shielding to reduce crosstalk and other forms of electromagnetic interference (EMI)
• STRAIGHT THROUGH


  Different type of devices
• CROSSOVER


  Same type of devices
• Personal area network (PAN)


  A computer network formed around a person
• Local Area Network (LAN)


  Networks connected to a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, office, office building
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


  A network across an area and entire city, college, campus, or a small region
• Wide Area Network (WAN)


  A network that spreads across a large geographical area