Photosynthesis

• Poetry is a composition that uses words to evoke emotions in an imaginative way
• Poetry can be divided into three main genres: lyric poetry, narrative poetry, and dramatic poetry
• Lyric poetry uses song-like and emotional words to describe a moment, an object, a feeling, or a person
• Narrative poetry tells a story and is often set to music as ballads
• Narrative poems are usually of human interest and include epics or long stories
• Dramatic poetry, also known as dramatic monologue, is meant to be spoken or acted and tells a story
• Sonnet is a fourteen-line poem with a fixed rhyme scheme and uses iambic pentameter
• Shakespearean Sonnet is comprised of three quatrains and a concluding couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg
• Petrarchan Sonnet divides the 14 lines into an eight-line stanza (octave) and a six-line stanza (sestet)
• Haiku is an unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively
• Elegy reflects on death or loss
• Limerick is a five-line poem with an AABBA rhyme scheme and a comedic or trivial nature
• Ballad is a poem that tells a story, usually in four-line stanzas called quatrains
• Ode is a form of lyric poetry that praises something and is usually addressed to someone or something
• Epic is a long narrative poem about the deeds of a traditional or historical hero or heroes
• Alliteration is the repetition of the beginning sounds of neighboring words
• Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close together
• Consonance can happen anywhere in a word, especially at the end, and can create a rhyme when combined with assonance
• Repetition allows the speaker to emphasize a particular word and cause a desired sound in a poem
• Rhyming words have the same end sound repeated at the end of a line
• Figures of speech are words or phrases that possess a separate meaning from their literal definition
• Anaphora is a technique where several phrases or verses begin with the same word or words
• Euphemism is a mild or indirect term that often substitutes a harsh, blunt, or offensive term
• Oxymoron is two contradictory terms used together
• Synecdoche occurs when a part is represented by the whole or vice versa
• Understatement occurs when something is said to make it appear less important or serious
• Vietnamese literature is both oral and written
• Nom characters, created around the 10th century, allowed writers to compose in Vietnamese using modified Chinese characters
• Vietnamese cultural values emphasize the importance of family and community, embracing principles of Confucianism like harmony, duty, honor, respect, education, and allegiance to the family
• Vietnamese core values, influenced by Confucianism, include harmony, duty, honor, respect, education, and allegiance to the family
• In Vietnamese culture, nobody wants to lose face, and people care deeply about how they're perceived by others
• Academics are revered in Vietnamese culture, with a competitive job market requiring young people to excel in their studies
• Elders are highly respected in Vietnamese society, where age, experience, and wisdom are valued
• Vietnamese people hold their war history as sacrosanct, avoiding jokes or negative comments about war-related topics
• Vietnamese people are relentlessly optimistic, working hard to improve their lives and the lives of their families
• Food is an important part of Vietnamese culture, with etiquette dictating not to leave food uneaten, especially when in someone's home