Polygraphy

• Polygraphy 


  the scientific method of detecting deception with the aid of polygraph instrument.
• Poly


  means many or several
• Two Basic Questions

  Relevant Questions

  Irrelevant Questions
• Relevant Questions


  these are the questions related or connected to the case or crime.
• Irrelevant Questions 


  questions that are not related to the crime. most pf the time related to personal information.
• Early Methods of Detecting

  1. Red-Hot Iron Ordeal
  2. Wager of Battle
  3. Ordeal by Balance
  4. Ordeal by Water
  5. Ordeal by Rice Chewing
  6. Ordeal of the Red Water/ "Sassy Bark"
  7. Ordeal by Combat
  8. Ordeal of the Corsnaed/Blessed Bread
  9. Test of the Eucharist applied among clergy and monks
  10. Ordeal of the Bier
  11. Ordeal of the Needle
  12. Ordeal by Heat and Fire
  13. Trial of the Cross
  14. Trial of the Waxen Shirt
  15. Hereditary Sieve Method
  16. Ordeal of the Tiger
  17. Donkey's Tail Ordeal
• Wager of Battle


  the accused and the accuser hold lighted candles. whoever's candle lasted longest was pronounced the winner.
• Ordeal by Balance 


  a scale of balanced is used.
• Ordeal by Water


  water was a symbolic of blood of the old testament
• Daniel Defoe(1730)


  recommended taking the pulse of a suspicious fellow as a practical, effective, and humane method for distinguishing truthfulness from lying.
• Francis Franke


  invented the Plethysmograph
• Angelo Mosso (1878)


  developed sphygmomanometer and scientific cradle, which he used in studying fear and its influence on the heart.
• Cesare Lombroso (1895)


  modified hydrosphymograph
• Pulse


  is the expansion and contraction of the artery as a wave of blood passes through it.
• William Moulton Marston 1915


  considered the Father of Modern Polygraphy
• William Moulton Marston 


  first to use the polygraph in an espionage case in 1917-1918
• John Augustus Larson


  considered to the original lie detector
• Etienne-Jules Marey


  produced sphygmograph
• Leonarde Keeler


  invented "Keeler Polygraph" in 1925
• Keeler


  known as the father of polygraph
• Development of Galvanograph Component

  Luigi Galvani

  Sticker

  Veraguth
• Leonarde Keeler


  recognized as the inventor of the first modern polygraph with kymograph aka tambour
• John Edward Reid 


  devised "Reid Polygraph"
• Reid's present 4-recording channel polygraph

  Cardio

  Pneumo

  Sphygmo

  Galvano
• Sir James Mackenzie


  The study of the Pulse
• Drs. John C. Kircher and David C. Raskin


  developed the Computer Assisted Polygraph System
• Dr. Dale E. Olsen and John C. Harris


  they completed a software program called Polyscore
• Polyscore 


  is a computerized polygraph chart scoring algorithm that uses statistical probability to arrive at truthfulness or deception.
• Word Association Test


  developed by Francis Galton in 1879
• Alexander R. Luria


  modified the Word Association Test technique, introduced by Galton
• Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE)


  developed by Charles R. McQuiston together with his friends Alan Bell and Wilson Ford in 1970
• Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE)


  purpose is to detect levels of significant emotional stress from human voiced modulations
• Administration of Truth Serum

  introduced by Dr. Edward Mandel House
• Narcoanalysis/Narcosynthesis 


  used Psychiatric Sodium
• Intoxication with Alcohol

  In vino veritas
• In vino veritas 


  In wine, there is truth
• Hypnosis


  an altered state of consciousness and heightened responsiveness to suggestion
• Franz Anton Mesmer


  he is known for inducing a trancelike state, mesmerism, as a curative agent.
• Mesmerism 


  the forerunner of hypnotism named after Mesmer
• James Braid


  after studying mesmeric trance coined Hypnotism and Hypnosis after Greek God of sleep, Hypnos