DLOG111

• ANALOG -Solves problems by using continuously changing data such as:

  o   Temperature

  o   Pressure

  o   Voltage
• the father of the modern computer is Charles Babbage
• Analog synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog computer techniques to generate sound electronically.

  o   Old radios

  o   Megaphone

  o   Cassette player

  o   And the volume control on old telephone handsets.
• Advantages of analog:

  §  Uses less bandwidth.

  §  More accurate
• Digital

  Ø  Comes from the root digit.

  Ø  In Latin, the word “digitus” means finger for toe.
• There are two types of computers such as analog or digital and it describes electronic technology that generates, stores, and processes data in terms of two states: Positive and non-positive.
• Positive Is expressed or represented by the number 1

  Non-positive By the number 0.
• Byte is a group

  Bit is smallest to store
• Advantages of Digital:

  — Less expensive

  — More reliable

  — Easy to manipulate

  — Flexible

  — Compatibility with other digital system

  — Integrated networks
• Disadvantages of Digital:

  • Sampling Error
  • Digital communications require greater bandwidth
  • The detection of digital signals requires the communications system to be synchronized
• Signal:

  Analog: Continuous signal which represents physical

  Digital: Discrete time signals generated by digital modulation
• Waves:

  Analog: Denoted by sine waves

  Digital: Denoted by square waves
• Representation:

  Analog: Uses continuous range of value to represent information

  Digital: Uses discrete or discontinuous values to represent information
• Flexibility:

  Analog: Hardware is not flexible

  Digital: Hardware is flexible in implementation
• Uses:

  Analog: Can be used in Analog devices

  Digital: Best suited for Computing and digital
• Memory:

  Analog: Stored in the form of wave signal

  Digital: Stored in the form of binary bit
• Power:

  Analog: Instrument draws large power

  Digital: Instrument draws only negligiblepower
• Impedance:

  Analog: Low

  Digital: High order of 100 mega ohm
• Unary System is the bijective base-1 numeral system. It is the easiest numeral system to express normal numbers.
• Roman numeral, any of the symbols or images utilized in an arrangement of numerical representation
• A decimal (or denary) system is a numeral system that has the number ten as its base.
• A number written in decimal representation includes the utilization of at least one of ten distinctive system or fundamental units, called digits.
• Ø  The digits are regularly utilized with a decimal separator, which shows the beginning of a fractional part.
• The decimal separator might be a dab, a period, or a comma.
• Ø  The word digit or its translation is also the anatomical term referring to fingers and toes.
• Ø  In English, the term decimal (from Latin decimus) means "tenth,"
• Decimate means "reduce by a tenth,
• Denary (Latin denarius) means "the unit of ten."
• Rounding means making a number easier but keeping its value near what it was.
• Rounding off-number is Introduced by Alfred George Greenhill in 1892.
• Ø  Engineering Notation is an interpretation of scientific representation in which the exponent in expression of the form is selected to always be divisible by 3.

  Ø  Peter D. Dickinson the first calculator to support engineering notation.

   

   
• • Scientific Notation Also referred to as scientific form or standard record frame, or standard frame in the UK) is a method for communicating numbers that are too large or too small to be usefully written in decimal form.
  • The idea of scientific notation was developed by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC
• Ø  The simplest of all positional number system is the binary number system.
• Ø  It has a base-or radix of the binary system is 2, meaning it has only two digits represented by 0 and 1 which appear in a binary representation of any number.
• Ø  The two digits, 0 and 1, are considered as the two states (off/on) and these states are used to carry instructions and store data in computers.
• Ø  The first electronic digital computer was built at the University of Pennsylvania was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert developed ENIAC in 1946.
• Ø  The first electronic computer was invented seventy-one years ago.
• ENIAC stands for?

  Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
• Ø  Was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States.

  The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I)
• UNIVAC 1 STANDS FOR?

  Universal Automatic Computer I