NGEC7

• In ancient times, people were concerned with transportation, navigation, communication, record-keeping, mass production, security, protection, health, aesthetics, and architecture
• Communication was essential for discovering and occupying new places, facilitating trade, and preventing conflicts
• Transportation was significant in ancient times as people were trying to go places and discover new horizons
• Weapons and armors were important for the discovery of new places or the establishment of alliances with other tribes
• Sumerians used cuneiform, a system with word pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay using wedge instruments
• The Great Ziggurat of Ur, also called the mountain of god, served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only priests were allowed to enter
• Egyptians developed paper from the papyrus plant, pens made of cut reeds, and hieroglyphics carved on important structures
• Egyptians invented kohl for lining their eyes and wigs for health and wellness purposes
• Romans introduced newspapers like Acta Diurna and bound books or codex made of papyrus pages bound together and covered by animal skin
• Chinese civilization contributed inventions like silk, tea production, the Great Wall of China, and gunpowder
• During the Middle Ages, the printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg, and the first compound microscope was developed by Zacharias Janssen
• Galileo Galilei invented the practical telescope, a crucial technological invention for the study of astronomy
• Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization, a process to heat dairy products to kill harmful bacteria
• Samuel M. Kier invented kerosene by refining petroleum in a petroleum refinery
• Alexander Graham Bell developed the telephone for faster communication of important decisions
• Modern calculators paved the way for easier arithmetic calculations and the development of more complex processing machines like computers
• Filipino inventions include the Salamander amphibious tricycle, salt lamp lighting system, and a medical incubator made from indigenous materials
• The Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System and the eJeepney are notable Filipino inventions
• Chapter 2 of the book discusses Intellectual Revolutions, focusing on the Copernican Revolution where Nicolas Copernicus challenged the geocentric model with heliocentrism
• The Darwinian Revolution, led by Charles Darwin in 1859, introduced the theory of evolution through natural selection
• The Freudian Revolution in psychology, led by Sigmund Freud, changed perceptions with his theory of psychoanalysis, explaining human behavior through the id, ego, and superego
• These revolutions transformed societies and beliefs, showing the link between science, technology, and humanity
• Chapter 3 explores the impact of science and technology on nation-building in the Philippines, from the pre-colonial period with early medical practices and transportation modes, to the colonial period with modern construction and education systems introduced by the Spaniards
• During the American occupation, advancements in science and technology were seen, with the establishment of the Bureau of Science to nurture development in the field
• In the post-colonial period, President Ferdinand Marcos advanced science and technology by establishing and strengthening agencies like PAGASA, NAST, and the National Science and Technology Authority