Genetics

• Independent assortment means that each chromosome is inherited randomly and independent of other chromosomes. i.e.g the inheritance of one chromosome does not affect the inheritance of another chromosome.
• Independent assortment and crossing over in meiosis is to ensure genetic variation. Meiosis produces non-identical haploid gametes through recombination of alleles.
• First Law: Law of Segregation

  ~When an organism forms gametes, only one of a pair of traits (alleles) enters each gamete.

  i.e. Maternal and Paternal Alleles for a gene are segregated into different gametes during meiosis.
• Most crossing over events in Prophase I are located on chromosomal arm regions.
• Monohybrid cross- one gene, heterozygous parents.
• Second Law : Law of independent assortment.

  ~"During the formation of gametes, the alleles of one gene segregate from each other independently of those for another gene."

  ~The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
• Dihybrid cross- two genes, heterozygous parents.