Unintentional Injury Prevention, Safety and First Aid

• a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body

  Wound
• Types of Wounds

  Closed and Open Wound
• a wound that there is no break or damage in the skin (Hematoma or Contusions)


  Closed Wound
• a wound in which there is a break in the skin.

  Open Wound
• Kinds of Wounds

  Puncture, Abrasion, Incision, Laceration, and Avulsion
• a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects.

  Puncture
• caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.

  Abrasion
• a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object.

  Incision
• a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissue usually resulting from mishandling tools and other accidents.

  Laceration
• a forcible tearing or partial Hearing away of tissue.

  Avulsion
• How to manage Wound

  1. For management of hematoma, we use the mnemonic RICE: (Resting the injured part, Ice application, Compression, and Elevation)
• Factors to consider in carrying and transporting an injured person:

  1. Weight and Height
  2. Status of the victim
  3. Environment
  4. Special Need (Injuries)
• the easiest way to transport a light and smaller victim

  Fireman's Carry
• when the victim is conscious

  Piggy back
• when the victim is smaller than the first aider.

  Pack strap carry
• used when the floor is smooth, short distance transport.

  Shoulder drag
• when the first aider and victim must crawl underneath a low structure.

  Firemans Drag or Tied-hands Crawl
• when the victim is seriously injured and should not be lifted

  Blanket drag
• when there are two first aiders and a chair is available.

  Chair or Seat Carry
• When there are three first aiders.

  Hammock carry
• carriers will stay on the uninjured side of the victim.

  Bearer's Alongside Carry
• when there are six first aiders.

  Six Man Lift Carry
• a break or crack in a bone

  Fracture
• Open Fracture pierces the skin surface while Closed Fracture, the skin above is intact.
• a partial or complete displacement of the bones.

  Dislocation
• an injury to the ligament of a bone due to accidental tearing or overstretching.

  Sprain
• caused by consuming food or drink that is contaminated with bacteria or viruses.

  Food poisoning
• 8 Signs of food poisoning

  Vomiting, Diarrhea, Headache, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Muscle pain, Fever, Dehydration
• Results when a foreign object blocks the throat.

  Choking
• Happens when air cannot get into the lungs because of water. It can cause immediate death when taken for granted.

  Drowning
• caused by sudden obstruction of blood supply to the part of the heart muscles.

  Heart attack
• May occur when electricity passes through the body.

  Chemical Burns
• Are often due to domestic incidents such as touching a hot iron, friction (rope burn) or spilling boiling water on the skin

  Burns
• caused by a failure of the "thermostats" in the brain to regulate body temperature. When this happens, the body becomes seriously heated.

  Heat Stroke
• a condition in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly and seriously impaired by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel.

  Stroke
• the initial assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other qualified personnel.

  First Aid
• Objectives of First Aid

  1. To save lives 2. To prolong life 3. To alleviate suffering 4. To prevent further injury
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider

  Gentle, Observant, Resourceful, Tactful, Sympathetic
• Vital Sign are measures of various physiological statistics taken in order to assess the most basic body functions. (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate or Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Rate)
• are details discovered by applying your senses- sight, touch, hearing, and smell during assessment. (ex. Bleeding/ Swelling/ Deformities)

  Signs