Biological Molecules

• Carbohydrates


  Molecules made from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Proteins


  Molecules made from Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur (CHON{S}
• Lipids


  Molecules made from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Organic Molecules


  Molecules that contain carbon
• Glucose


  A simple sugar
• Triglyceride


  Basic unit of most lipids
• Amino acids


  The building block of proteins
• Biuret solution


  A solution to test for the presence of proteins
• Iodine solution


  A solution used to test for the presence of starch
• Ethanol


  A solvent used in the test for lipids
• DCPIP


  A solution used to test for the presence of Vitamin C
• DNA

  Deoxyribonucleic acid is the molecule that contains the instructions for the growth and development of all organisms
• Double helix


  The structure of DNA consisting of two strands of DNA wound around each other
• Nucleotides


  The individual units of DNA
• Adenine


  One of the four bases found in DNA that always pairs with Thyamine
• Cytosine


  One of the four bases found in DNA that always pairs with Guanine
• Thymine

  One of the four bases found in DNA that always pairs with Adenine
• Guanine


  One of the four DNA bases that always pairs with Cytosine
• Phosphate and sugar selection


  The 'backbone' of the DNA strand, like the sides of a ladder
• Base pairs


  The connection o each strand to form rungs of the DNA ladder
• DNA Backbone


  The sugar-phosphate chain that forms the sides of the DNA ladder
• Bases


  The "rungs" of the DNA ladder, made up of adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
• Helix


  A three-dimensional shape formed by the DNA strand due to the way the bases pair up; the double helix is a classic icon of molecular biology
• Sequence


  The specific order of the bases along the DNA strand, which contains all the genetic information necessary to create an organism