Topic 1 - Biology

• monomer

  smaller units which large molecules are made of
• glucose is the simplest carbohydrate
• Monosaccharides

  monomers that form carbohydrates

  e.g glucose, galactose, fructose
• disaccharides

  condensation reaction of 2 monosaccharides held together by glycoside bond

  e.g maltose, lactose, sucrose
• Polysaccharides

  condensation of a chain of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds

  e.g starch, glycogen, cellulose
• glycogen

  a-glucose 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonding

  branched molecule

  stores fat in animals
• starch

  a-glucose 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonding

  branched molecule

  amylose and amylopectin
• amylose

  a-glucose 1,4 glycosidic bonding

  forms a helix

  not branched
• amylopectin

  a-glucose 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds

  branched molecule
• alpha glucose / beta glucose

  
• cellulose

  b-glucose 1,4 glycosidic bonding

  cell walls of plants

  alternate bonding
• fibrils

  long, straight chains of B-glucose

  held together by many hydrogen bonds

  found in cellulose (polysaccharide)
• Triglyceride

  3 fatty acid and one glycerol

  3 ester bonds

  Condensation reaction
• phospholipids

  2 fatty acid, glycerol, phosphate

  2 ester bonds

  condensation reaction