SI -Tema 2

• Von Neumann architecture components:

  • Processor: central processing unit (CPU) responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations
  • Memory: stores data and instructions
  • Input/output (I/O) devices: used to communicate with the outside world
  • Bus: set of wires connecting the processor, memory, and I/O devices

  
• Hypervisor:

  • Software allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single computer
  • Each OS runs in its own virtual machine, isolated from others for security and flexibility

  
• State diagram for a process scheduler:

  • States: runnable, running, blocked, terminated
  • Transitions show possible changes between states based on process actions

  
• List of process scheduling algorithms

  
• TEMA 2:

  • Software de un sistema informático
  • Requisitos e instalación: Determinación del equipo necesario
  • Requisitos e instalación: Ejecución del programa de instalación
  • Requisitos e instalación: Configuración de la aplicación
  • Tipos de aplicaciones informáticas
  • Licencias software (I)
  • Software propietario
  • Licencias software (II)
  • Software libre
  • Software de dominio público
  • Software con copyleft
  • Ejemplos de software libre
  • Sistemas Operativos
  • Concepto y objetivos de los sistemas operativos
• Von Neumann architecture components:

  • Processor: central processing unit (CPU) responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations
  • Memory: stores data and instructions
  • Input/output (I/O) devices: communicate with the outside world
  • Bus: set of wires connecting the processor, memory, and I/O devices

  
• Historical evolution of operating systems:

  • First generation (1945-1955)
  • Second generation (1955-1965)
  • Third generation (1965-1980)
  • Fourth generation (1980-present)
• Types of operating systems:

  • By structure
  • By services
  • By form
• Operating system services:

  • Nucleus
• Processor management:

  • Processor scheduling
  • Preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling
• Memory management:

  • In single-tasking OS
  • In multitasking OS
  • Fixed partition allocation
• La arquitectura de von Neumann describe un sistema informático con:

  • Procesador: unidad central de procesamiento (CPU) responsable de ejecutar instrucciones y realizar cálculos
  • Memoria: utilizada para almacenar datos e instrucciones
  • Dispositivos de entrada/salida (E/S): para comunicarse con el mundo exterior
  • Bus: conjunto de cables que conecta el procesador, la memoria y los dispositivos de E/S

  
• Un hipervisor es un software que permite que múltiples sistemas operativos se ejecuten en una sola computadora, cada uno en su propia máquina virtual aislada de los demás sistemas operativos

  
• Diagrama de estados para un planificador de procesos con estados como:

  • Runnable: proceso listo para ejecutarse
  • Running: proceso en ejecución
  • Blocked: proceso esperando un recurso
  • Terminated: proceso finalizado

  
• Lista de algoritmos de planificación de procesos

  
• Gestión de la entrada/salida abarca controladores de dispositivo, estructura de datos de la E/S, técnicas de la E/S y planificación de discos
• Gestión de memoria en sistemas operativos multitarea incluye técnicas como asignación de particiones fijas, asignación de particiones variables y memoria virtual
• Mecanismos de seguridad y protección en sistemas operativos
• Gestión del sistema de archivos implica la organización lógica y física, operaciones soportadas por un sistema de archivos y rutas de acceso
• Documentación y búsqueda de información técnica en sistemas informáticos
• Hypervisor: software allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single computer in isolated virtual machines for security and flexibility

  
• State diagram for a process scheduler:

  • Runnable: process ready to run
  • Running: process currently running
  • Blocked: process waiting for a resource
  • Terminated: process finished running

  
• Software of a computer system consists of programs, data structures, and associated documentation, distributed in the computer, peripherals, and communication subsystem
• Examples of software include operating systems, office packages, compressors, image editors, and other specific programs based on user knowledge and professional field
• Software installation involves determining the necessary equipment and installing the required software
• BK Programación focuses on developing and maintaining web applications and services, occasionally also handling hardware tasks like installing and configuring servers, providing training on developed applications, technical support, and advising on computer equipment purchases
• María, encargada de implantar servicios web, se documenta sobre los requisitos e instalación de aplicaciones
• Pasos para instalar una aplicación software en un ordenador:

  1. Determinación del equipo necesario

  2. Ejecución del programa de instalación

  3. Configuración de la aplicación
• Determinación del equipo necesario para la instalación de una aplicación:

  • Conocer qué necesita la aplicación para funcionar adecuadamente en el ordenador
  • Reunir información sobre el hardware del ordenador y verificar que cumple con los requisitos mínimos
  • Características hardware necesarias: plataforma, procesador, memoria RAM, espacio de almacenamiento, tarjeta gráfica, resolución del monitor
  • Características software necesarias: sistema operativo, otros paquetes software adicionales
• Typical cache memory organization

  
• State diagram for a process scheduler:

  • Runnable: process is ready to run
  • Running: process is currently running
  • Blocked: process is waiting for a resource
  • Terminated: process has finished running

  
• Von Neumann architecture:

  • Processor: central processing unit (CPU)
  • Memory: stores data and instructions
  • Input/output (I/O) devices: communicate with the outside world
  • Bus: set of wires connecting processor, memory, and I/O devices

  
• Hypervisor:

  • Software allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single computer
  • Each OS runs in its own virtual machine, isolated from others
  • Provides greater security and flexibility

  
• Installation of software applications:

  • Manufacturers establish three levels of requirements: basic equipment, optional equipment, networked equipment
• Software installation process:

  • Copy necessary files, configure, deploy, and start an application on a computer system
  • Most applications offer basic and personalized installation levels based on user knowledge
• Basic installation level:

  • Designed for users with limited computer knowledge
  • Installs based on detected elements and default parameters set by the manufacturer
• Personalized or advanced installation:

  • Allows expert users to include or remove application elements to optimize system resources
  • For example, Microsoft Office's personalized installation allows choosing specific programs to install
• Configuration of applications:

  • After installation, configure application options and sometimes the operating system
  • Modify default parameters to tailor the application to user needs
• Von Neumann architecture:

  • Components:
  • Processor: central processing unit (CPU) responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations
  • Memory: stores data and instructions
  • Input/output (I/O) devices: used to communicate with the outside world
  • Bus: set of wires connecting the processor, memory, and I/O devices
  • Simple and elegant design used in most computers since 1945

  
• State diagram for a process scheduler:

  • States: runnable, running, blocked, terminated
  • Transitions show possible changes in process states based on CPU scheduling and resource availability