GCM 111 - Midterm

• PPI = Pixels Per Inch

  Number of square pixels in 1 inch of an image on a computer

  Only raster images measured in PPI
• Pixels to Inches Conversion: Divide pixels by DPI

  Pixels to Megapixels Conversion: Divide pixels by 1,000,000
• Digital Camera types:

  • Consumer
  • Prosumer
  • RAW
  • Professional
  • RAW, Advanced Settings
  • Commercial
  • RAW, Advanced Settings
• Digital Cameras can be DSLR or Mirrorless
• To capture image for print:

  CMYK

  File Format:

  • shoot with RAW
  • save as PSD, TIFF, EPS

  Resolution:

  • Too High
  • dark areas, loss of detail
  • Too Low
  • Pixelation
• Formula for Resolution:

  2 X LPI X (printed width / digital width) = PPI
• Width is always expressed first
• Gigapixel are:

  • huge
  • ultra resolution
  • taken with DSLR camera
  • created by stitching smaller images together
• Healing Brush:

  used to correct imperfections
• Patch Tool:

  Repairs a selected area with pixels from another area
• Sponge:

  subtly changes the colour saturation
• Dodge/Burn:

  darken or lighten areas
• Types of Application Softwares:

  • Word Processing
  • Spreadsheet
  • Presentation
  • Image Editing
  • Illustration
  • Page Layout
  • PDF
• Files formats contain: vector data, bitmap data, or both
• JPEG = Joint Photographic Experts Group
• TIFF: Tagged Image File Format
• EPS: Encapsulated Post Script
• PNG: Portable Network Graphics
• GIF: Graphics Interchange Format
• PDF/X are tailored for print

  longest used PDF/X:

  • PDF/X-1a:2001

  current used PDF/X:

  • PDF/X-4:2010
• Resolution Relationships:

  • Input
  • pixel info captured by camera/scanner
  • Output
  • resolution at final print size
  • Device Resolution
  • Number of DPI
  • Linescreen
  • Number of LPI
• Vector Files are Resolution Independent
• Premedia are all the processes before a job gets sent to final output
• Premedia Workflow Steps:

  1. Design (file management, job docket)
  2. Preflight
  3. Plate Production
  4. Printing
• Halftone Images: varying sized dots equally spaced apart
• Tints: create variations of colour
• Screen Angle Rules: avoids printing issues like Moire
• Dot Gain:

  • when printed dot is bigger than the dot on plate
  • occurs more in MT and SH areas
• Physical Dot Gain:

  • Absorption of ink into paper
• Optical Dot Gain:

  • Light Scatter
• Amplitude Modified (AM) Screening:

  • equally spaced dots
• Frequency Modified (FM) Screening:

  • randomly spaced dots
• Trapping:

  • adjusting area where two distinct adjacent colour meet
  • eliminates white space caused by press misregistration
• Imposition:

  • specified arrangement of papers that help reduce paper waste
• Proofing:

  • helps catch mistakes
  • gives client a job preview