nervous system

• Central Nervous System consists of the brain and the spinal cord
• Adrenaline is the fight or flight neurotransmitter
• noradrenaline is the concentration neurotransmitter
• dopamine is the pleasure neurotransmitter
• serotonin is the mood neurotransmitter
• gaba is the calming neurotransmitter
• acetylcholine is the learning neurotransmitter
• endorphin is the euphoria neurotransmitter
• glutamate is the memory neurotransmitter
• The spinal cord forms the vital link between the brain and most of the body
• Reflex is the rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
• Reflex Arc is the direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector
• The peripheral nervous system connects the Central Nervous System to the organs, limbs, and skin.
• The somatic nervous system is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the central nervous system (CNS). This system is made up of nerves that connect to the skin, sensory organs, and all skeletal muscles.
• The CRANIAL Nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain with 12 pairs. 2 pairs (I-Olfactory and II-Optic are attached to the Cerebrum), and the other 10 are attached to the brainstem
• The SPINAL Nerve are nerves that emerge from the Spinal Cord with 31 pairs
• The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions, such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the

  38 fight-or-flight response.
• Sympathetic prepares the body for action and stress, also called ‘Fight or Flight’ and its neurotransmitter is norepinephrine
• Parasympathetic helps the body to conserve energy, also called ‘Rest and Digest’ and its neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine
• Homeostasis is responsible for the regulation and maintenance of the internal environment of the body
• The feedback mechanism is the physiological regulatory system in a

  living body that works to return the body to the normal internal state or

  homeostasis.
• A positive feedback mechanism amplifies the deviations and brings state changes to the output.
• Examples of positive feedback are menstrual Cycle and childbirth
• The negative feedback mechanism moves the variable factors towards the stable state or homeostasis after the control unit interprets the extent of the deviation.
• examples of negative feedback are regulation of blood glucose level and body temperature regulation
• Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord caused by bacterial infection or a virus.
• Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the nervous system that affects the movement of a person. It develops gradually and tremors start in the hands.
• Cerebral palsy is a disorder resulting in a lack of full control of physical movement and muscle tightness that affect almost all parts of the body.
• Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells or neurons act abnormally. The action potential activity becomes disturbed causing strange sensations and emotions, convulsions, and muscle spasms.
• The somatic nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
• The autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic