Social Studies 2

• Regional refers to a bloc or geographic region/area that have things in common. Integration means coming together for a common purpose. Integration means coming together for a common purpose. West Indies Federation (1958-1962) 2) Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) (1968-1973) 3) CARICOM (1973) 4) Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) (1981) 5) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) (1995) 6) CARICOM Single Market Economy (CSME) (2002)
• Regional refers to a bloc or geographic region/area that have things in common
• Integration means coming together for a common purpose
• West Indies Federation (1958-1962)
• Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA) (1968-1973)
• CARICOM (1973)
• Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) (1981)
• Association of Caribbean States (ACS) (1995)
• CARICOM Single Market Economy (CSME) (2002)
• Regional Integration describes the coming together of a number of nation states to form a single unit in which member states cooperate functionally, economically and politically.

  Regional Integration describes the coming together of a number of nation states to form a single unit in which member states cooperate functionally, economically and politically.
• Regional Integration's main theme is cooperation, which can occur at different levels:

  • Cooperation at the HOME level involves family members sharing household duties like cooking and cleaning
  • Cooperation at the COMMUNITY level involves persons within the community working together, for example, in neighborhood watch or sport groups/teams
  • Cooperation at the NATIONAL level involves persons within the country working together, such as preserving the environment by adhering to bans on plastic bags and assisting with tree planting initiatives, and following Covid protocols
  • Cooperation at the REGIONAL level involves countries within the region working together through organizations like WIF, CARIFTA, CARICOM, ACS, OECS, and CSME
  • Cooperation at the GLOBAL/INTERNATIONAL level involves countries worldwide working together on initiatives like climate change programs and Covid or other infectious disease programs
• Regional Integration's main theme is cooperation, which can occur at different levels:

  • Cooperation at the HOME level involves family members sharing household duties like cooking and cleaning
  • Cooperation at the COMMUNITY level involves persons within the community working together, for example, in neighborhood watch or sport groups/teams
  • Cooperation at the NATIONAL level involves persons within the country working together, such as preserving the environment by adhering to bans on plastic bags and assisting with tree planting initiatives, and following Covid protocols
  • Cooperation at the REGIONAL level involves countries within the region working together, for instance, through organizations like WIF, CARIFTA, CARICOM, ACS, OECS, and CSME
  • Cooperation at the GLOBAL/INTERNATIONAL level involves countries worldwide working together on initiatives like climate change programs and Covid or other infectious disease programs
• Regional Integration's main theme is cooperation, which can occur at different levels:

  • Cooperation at the HOME level involves family members sharing household duties like cooking and cleaning
  • Cooperation at the COMMUNITY level involves persons within the community working together, for example, in neighborhood watch programs or sport groups
  • Cooperation at the NATIONAL level involves persons within the country working together, such as preserving the environment by adhering to bans on plastic bags and assisting with tree planting initiatives
  • Cooperation at the REGIONAL level involves countries within the region working together, for instance, through organizations like WIF, CARIFTA, CARICOM, ACS, OECS, and CSME
  • Cooperation at the GLOBAL/INTERNATIONAL level involves countries worldwide working together, for example, in climate change programs or infectious disease control initiatives like Covid
• Regional integration refers to the coming together of countries to cooperate functionally, politically, and economically
• Aims of regional integration:

  • Provide improved health care and education
  • Foster economic development
  • Address common issues
  • Solve the issue of uneven distribution of resources among countries
  • Use resources more efficiently
• Challenges of regional integration:

  • Small size
  • Susceptibility to natural disasters
  • High indebtedness
  • Influence of multinational corporations
• Member States of the West Indies Federation (1958-1962):

  • Antigua
  • St Kitts and Nevis
  • St Lucia
  • St Vincent
  • Barbados
  • British Guinea
  • Jamaica
  • Dominica
  • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Montserrat
• The British Caribbean Federation Act was established in 1956 and initiated in 1958
• AIMS OF W.I.F. (1958-1962) The federation sought to achieve the following: ❑They hoped to come up with ideas to solve social and economic problems which arose after Emancipation. Shortages of goods resulted in higher prices after World War II and this resulted in lower wages, greater unemployment and poor social facilities. ❑To loosen the grip of foreign control over the economies.
• ❑CARIFTA was founded in 1965 with the signing of the Dickensen Bay Agreement by Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago. ❑They were joined in 1968 by Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines. ❑Later in 1968 other countries such as Montserrat and Jamaica signed on and In 1971 Belize (then British Honduras) joined the Association. ❑CARIFTA was an attempt to join economies of these recently independent nations and to give them a stronger voice in the international affairs.
• Wif aims :❑They hoped to come up with ideas to solve social and economic problems which arose after Emancipation. Shortages of goods resulted in higher prices after World War II and this resulted in lower wages, greater unemployment and poor social facilities. ❑To loosen the grip of foreign control over the economies. ❑To secure cheaper prices for imports and better prices for exports through a united voice of the member countries. CARIFTA (1965)
• ❑CARIFTA was founded in 1965 with the signing of the Dickensen Bay Agreement by Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.
• CARIFTA MEMBERS 1. Antigua and Barbuda 2. Barbados 3. Guyana 4. Trinidad and Tobago 5. Dominica 6. Grenada 7. St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla 8. Saint Lucia 9. St Vincent and the Grenadines 10. Montserrat 11. Jamaica 12. Belize (then called British Honduras)
• AIMS OF CARIFTA (1965) ❑Increase balanced regional development by:

  ✔ increasing trade - buying and selling more goods among the Member States

  ✔diversifying trade - expanding the variety of goods and services available for trade

  ✔liberalizing trade - removing tariffs and quotas on goods produced and traded within the area

  ✔ensuring fair competition - setting up rules for all members to follow to protect the smaller enterprises

  AIMS OF CARIFTA (1965)
• CARIFTA became the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) by the signing of a treaty on July 4, 1973 at Chaguaramas in Trinidad and Tobago and CARICOM began operation on August 1, 1973.
• CARIFTA became the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) by the signing of a treaty on July 4, 1973 at Chaguaramas in Trinidad and Tobago and CARICOM began operation on August 1, 1973. CARICOM (1973)
• AIMS OF CARICOM (1973) ❑To improve the economic development of member states through the introduction of free trade. ❑Co operation among member countries in the areas of: shipping, air transport, meteorological services, health, education, culture etc.. ❑To establish common policies in dealing with non-member states and transnational corporation
• Bilateral Agreement: An agreement between two groups, countries, or nations
• Multilateral Agreement: Agreement among many groups, countries, or nations
• Common Market: An economic unit formed by nations to eliminate or reduce trade barriers among its members
• Single Market: A group of countries with minimal restrictions on the movement of goods, money, and people between members
• Economic Integration: The process of drawing economies of countries closer together to strengthen the group and individual countries
• Independent State: Self-government of a country by its residents
• Underdeveloped Country: A relatively poor country with little material well-being
• Developing Country: A country that has not yet reached economic growth to stand on its own for further development
• Developed Country: A country with a high level of development and GDP per capita
• Trade Liberalization: Movement towards removing trade barriers among World Trade Organization members
• Globalization: The process of countries becoming connected or similar due to multinational corporations doing business worldwide
• Multinational Corporation: A corporation managing production and services in more than one country
• Trading Bloc: A group of countries with common political and economic aims linked by special trading arrangements