PATHO: INTRO TO PATHO

• study of diseases and mechanism that produce diseases

  PATHOLOGY
• study of the causes of diseases

  ETIOLOGY
• underlying mechanisms that produce diseases

  PATHOGENESIS
• functional changes associated with or resulting from disease or injury

  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• gross or microscopic appearance of tissues

  MORPHOLOGY
• BRANCHES OF PATHOLOGY:

  -CELLULAR PATHOLOGY, HISTOLOGY AND CYTOPATHOLOGY
• Increase in size

  HYPERTROPHY
• Decrease in size

  ATROPHY
• Increase in number

  HYPERPLASIA
• Change from one type to another

  METAPLASIA
• NO CHANGE IN TONE

  ISOTONIC
• NO CHANGE IN LENGTH

  ISOMETRIC
• Study of tissues -Important in the study of neoplastic cells

  HISTOPATHOLOGY
• Study of separated cells

  CYTOPATHOLOGY
• Medicolegal postmortem examinations

  FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
• Study of infectious diseases and their causes

  MICROBIOLOGY
• Study of bacteria

  BACTERIOLOGY
• Study of virus

  VIROLOGY
• Study of fungi

  MYCOLOGY
• Study of Protozoans

  PROTOZOOLOGY
• study of diseases of the blood

  HEMATOLOGY
• Study of body chemistry

  CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
• Study of host defenses against external threats

  IMMUNOLOGY
• Study of inheritance of characteristics and diseases or predisposition to diseases

  GENETICS
• Post mortem dissection

  MORBID ANATOMY
• Adapts by undergoing hypertrophy to generate therequired higher contractile force

  MYOCARDIUM
• Reversible injury when the stress is mild or if the arterial occlusion is incomplete or sufficiently brief

  ISCHEMIA
• Irreversible Injury after complete or prolonger occlusion

  INFARCTION
• Key in the evolution of diseases in any tissue or organ

  CELL DEATH
• Develops if the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful

  CELL INJURY
• Irreversible cell death and it is a major pathway of cell death in many commonly encountered injuries

  NECROSIS
• reversible changes in the number, size, phenotype,metabolic activity, or functions of cells in response to changes in their environment

  ADAPTATION
• responses of cells to normal stimulation by hormones or endogenous chemical mediators

  PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATION
• responses to stress that allow cells to modulate their structure and function to escape injury

  PATHOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS
• Proliferation of the glandular epithelium of the female breast at puberty and during pregnancy

  HORMONAL HYPERPLASIA
• Occurs when a portion of the tissue is removed or diseased

  COMPENSATORY HYPERPLASIA
• Reversible change where one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

  METAPLASIA