DNA and Heredity

• Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific traits or characteristics.
• The structure of DNA consists of two strands twisted together into a double helix, with nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A-T and C-G)
• DNA is the genetic material that contains instructions to make proteins
• DNA is the genetic material found inside cells, while genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins.
• The structure of DNA consists of two strands twisted together to form a double helix shape.
• Each base pair on one strand corresponds to a complementary base pair on the other strand (A-T, C-G).
• Chromosomes are structures made up of tightly coiled DNA molecules and proteins called histones
• Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are coded for by genes on DNA
• Some mutations have no effect on the organism's phenotype, while others may be beneficial or detrimental.
• Each strand has a sugar-phosphate backbone and four different types of bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
• The sequence of these bases determines the information encoded within the gene.
• Nucleotides are made up of three components - a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
• Bases pair up according to their complementary properties: A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G.
• Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of DNA together, forming a stable double helix structure.
• There are four different types of bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
• Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for particular characteristics or traits
• Sexual reproduction involves combining genetic information from both parents through fertilization, resulting in offspring with unique combinations of traits inherited from their parents
• Genes are specific sequences of DNA that code for particular traits or characteristics
• what is deoxyriboncleic acid?
• what is a chromosome?

  A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
• what is dominant and recessive?

  In genetics, dominant refers to a trait that is expressed when present, while recessive refers to a trait that is only expressed when two copies are present.
• what are genes?

  Segments of DNA that contain instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
• what is a nucleotide?

  A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
• what is alleles?

  Different forms of a gene.
• what are traits?


  Characteristics or qualities that describe a person, object, or concept.
• what is DNA?
• how many chromosomes does a human have?

  46
• what cell has half chromomsomes?


  sex cell
• Which chromosomes determine a gender?

  sex chromosomes
• What is a DNA molecule shaped like?

  Double helix
• DNA is assembled from units called...?

  Nucleotides
• what are the three parts of a nucleotide?

  sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
• What bases fit togeather?
• what do gens determine?

  the way you look
• what are chromosomes?

  DNA molecules
• what are the four bases found in all DNA?

  Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
• how are the bases arranged?

  A and T / C and G
• what is an amino acid?

  Chemical made for proteins
• How many amino acids are there?

  20
• why are there not 64 amino acids?

  Genetic code constraints.