part2

• Repression


  Threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness
• denial

  Closing one’s eyes” to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality.
• reaction formation


  Actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse.
• projection


  Attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses.
• displacement


  Directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible Displacement Directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible
• rationalization


  Manufacturing “good” reasons to explain away a bruised ego.
• sublimation


  Diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels.
• regression

  Going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands.
• introjection


  Taking in and “swallowing” the values and standards of others.
• identification


  Identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile.
• compensation


  Masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations.
• psychosexual stages refer to the Freudian chronological phases of development, beginning in infancy.
• oral stage

  deals with the inability to trust oneself and others, resulting in the fear of loving and forming close relationships and low self-esteem.
• anal stage


  deals with the inability to recognize and express anger, leading to the denial of one’s own power as a person and the lack of a sense of autonomy.
• phallic stage

  deals with the inability to fully accept one’s sexuality and sexual feelings, and also to difficulty in accepting oneself as a man or woman.