Social influence

• why did Milgram study obedience?

  people thought Germans were different
• What did Milgram disagree on?

  Germans being different
• What did Milgram think?

  Any decent human can become a viscious criminal
• What did Milgram say his study was going to be about?

  Memory
• What did Milgram have his pptt do?

  Shock the learner everytime they got a question wrong
• what is another word for a fake participant?

  confederate
• Did the pptt want to shock the learner?

  no, did it anyway
• what is meant by obedience?

  individual acts in response to a direct order
• How many Participants were involved in Milgrams original study?

  40
• were the teacher and learner sat in the same room?

  No , adjoining rooms
• What % did the teacher go to in Milgrams study?

  65% went to 450 volts
• What forms of physical distress did participants experience?

  • digging nails
  • seizures
  • sweating
• what is one limitation to milgrams original research?

  • lacks temporal validity - subject to its time
• what is a strength to Milgrams research?

  • Burger - recreated experiment and found obedience rate of 70
• What is another strength to Milgrams research?

  Sheridan and King - Women 100% shocked puppies
• what are Milgrams main ethical issues?

  • No confidentiality
  • no informed consent
  • right to withdraw
• What were Milgrams variations?


  Location

  Proximity

  Uniform
• What was the % of pptt who obeyed with proximity?

  65% originally

  20% variation
• what was the % of pptt who obeyed with location?

  65% original

  47% variation
• what was the % of pptt who obeyed in location?

  65% original

  19% variation
• what variations did Bickman study?

  Milkman

  security guard

  suit and tie
• what is an authoritarian personality?

  A personality characterized by a preference for obedience to authority, strict adherence to conventional values, and hostility towards those who deviate from societal norms.
• what do those with an authoritarian personality believe?

  'might is right'

  very obedient

  uncomfy with change
• What is authoritarian personality catagorised by?

  • strict upbringing
  • love is conditional
  • discipline = strength
• What did Adorno investigate authoritarian personalities with?


  F-scale
• what did Adorno assess?

  2000 middle class white americans for a study of unconscious attitudes towards racial groups
• What did Elms and Milgram do?

  Gave F-scale to pptt who went over 450 volts and found a positive correlation between them
• what is a limitation to authoritarian personality research?

  all questions worded in the same manner meaning some people will just agree creating an acquilescence bias
• what is social support?

  the perception that a person has assistance available from other people as part of their supportive network
• what does conformity do ?

  breaks the unanimity of the majority
• what does unanimity mean?

  everyone is in agreement
• what did Allen and Levine do?

  recreated Asch study with the lines - even with visual aids people still resisted conforming
• where does social support come from in obedience?

  disobedient role models
• seeing others refuse to obey encourages...?

  disobedience
• what is an internal locus of control?

  events in your life are largely a consequence of your own behaviour
• what is an external locus of control?

  what happens is as a result of external factors
• those with an internal locus of control are more likely too...?

  show independant behaviour
• what is the research to support locus of control?

  Shute - undergrad students expressed views of being either conservative or liberal on views of drug taking

  those with an internal locus of control conformed less to being 'pro drug'
• when does minority influence occur?

  When a smaller group or individual influences the beliefs or behaviors of a larger group.
• social change occurs when...?

  societal norms change