C+I - Agencies of Socialisation

• Socialisation is the lifelong process where an individual learns the norms and values of a society
• Primary Socialisation is the first and most important stage of socialisation socialised by the family
• Parents use rewards (verbal praise) and punishments (telling off), and imitation through encouraging certain behaviors to socialize children into moral codes and gender norms
• Children learn norms through positive and negative sanctions, which can be used to socialize gender roles into children
• New representations that children can relate to or look up to can aid them in constructing their own identity
• Parsons described the family as a 'personality factory' where parents produce children with identities and social expectations of their society
• The media plays a significant role in socialization, influencing children's construction of identity and norms through positive and negative sanctions
• Religion provides strong guidelines for acceptable behavior and threats of punishment for wrong behavior, reinforcing the positive and negative sanctions learned in the family during secondary socialization