FIRST PAGE NCM105NDT

• Nutrition and Dietetics is a subdiscipline of Medicine that focuses on everything related to food and its effect on health and overall wellbeing
• Nutrition is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth
• Diet is the application of the science of nutrition to the human being in health and disease
• Kidney irritation is caused by sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
• Gallbladder irritation is caused by high-fat foods
• Liver irritation is caused by alcohol or fried/fast foods that are high in fat and sugar
• Factors influencing food habits:

  • Biological determinants: hunger, appetite, and taste
  • Economic determinants: cost, income, availability
  • Physical determinants: access, education, skills (e.g. cooking)
  • Social determinants: culture, family, peers, and meal patterns
  • Psychological determinants: mood, stress, and guilt
• Attitudes about food:

  • Example: Optimistic Bias: individuals who perceive their diet to be healthy do not believe that they need to make dietary changes
• Beliefs and knowledge about food are a set of ideas or concepts held by a person regarding a certain food, influenced by culture and varying from region to region
• Food is not only concerned with quantity and quality but also with the process by which living organisms ingest, absorb, transport, utilize, and excrete food substances to maintain body functions
• Function of nutrition: to maintain life, allowing growth and optimum health
• Reasons why nutritional science is applied to nursing care:

  • Recognition of the role of nutrition in preventing diseases and illnesses
  • Adapting food patterns to nutritional needs within cultural, economic, and psychological frameworks
  • Modifying nutritional factors for therapeutic purposes in specified disease states
• Terms:

  • Good nutrition: body has an adequate supply of essential nutrients for growth and maintenance of body functions
  • Poor nutrition: a state of inadequate or excess nutritional intake, common in people living in poverty
  • Nutrients are chemical substances found in food performing diverse roles in the body
• Classification of nutrients:

  • As to function: nutrients for tissues and bodybuilding, furnishing heat and energy such as fats, carbohydrates, and protein
  • As to chemical properties: organic (protein, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins) and inorganic (water, minerals)
  • As to essentiality: significant distribution to the body's physiological functioning
  • As to concentration: some nutrients needed in larger amounts than others