Biopsychology: SYNAPSES

• What is the tiny gap between neurons called?

  Synapse
• How are signals transmitted within neurons?

  Electrically
• How are signals transmitted between neurons?

  Chemically across the synapse
• What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

  The arrival of an electrical impulse
• What are the tiny sacs that release neurotransmitters called?

  Synaptic vesicles
• What happens to neurotransmitters after they cross the synapse?

  They are taken up by post-synaptic receptors
• What is the process that occurs after neurotransmitters bind to receptors?

  The chemical message converts back to an electrical impulse
• What are neurotransmitters?

  Chemicals that diffuse across the synapse
• How do neurotransmitters fit into receptors?

  Like a lock and key
• What are the specific functions of Acetylcholine and Serotonin?

  • Acetylcholine (ACh): Muscle contraction at neuromuscular junctions
  • Serotonin: Affects mood and social behavior, linked to depression
• What is the general effect of adrenaline on neurons?

  It is generally excitatory
• What is the general effect of serotonin on neurons?

  It is generally inhibitory
• How does dopamine function as a neurotransmitter?

  It can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects
• What is summation in the context of neurotransmitters?

  • Excitatory and inhibitory influences are summed
  • Must reach a threshold to trigger action potential
  • Inhibitory effects make firing less likely
  • Excitatory effects make firing more likely
• What happens if the net effect of neurotransmitters is inhibitory?

  The postsynaptic neuron is less likely to fire
• What happens if the net effect of neurotransmitters is excitatory?

  The postsynaptic neuron is more likely to fire