21st lit cards

• Literature is derived from the Latin word “LITTERA” which means “letters”
• Prose is a straightforward form of literature where the author expresses thoughts and feelings in a lucid way
• Poetry is a form of literature where the poet uses a unique style and rhythm to express intense experiences
• In literature, prose is pragmatic while poetry is imaginative
• The essence of prose is to convey a message or information, while poetry aims to delight or amuse
• Ideas in prose are found in sentences engaged in paragraphs, while in poetry, ideas are found in sentences arranged in stanzas
• In poetry, there is a line break, while in prose, there isn't
• Exact paraphrasing is not possible in poetry, but it is possible in prose
• Today's Philippine literature is influenced by Western ways of writing and deals with uniquely Filipino experiences
• Forms of stories in Philippine literature have expanded to include magic realism, metafiction, minimalism, science fiction, parable, comic, and postmodern parody
• Magic Realism in literature is a style that paints a realistic view of the modern world while adding magical elements
• Metafiction in literature involves writing about imaginary characters
• Minimalism in literature is characterized by extreme simplicity
• Science Fiction, or "sci-fi," deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts
• Parable in literature deals with imaginative religious writings
• Comics is a medium used to express ideas through images, combining text and visual information
• National Artists in Literature in the Philippines must meet specific qualifications, including contributing to Filipino nationhood through their works
• Edith L. Tiempo, a National Artist for Literature, was the first female writer to receive the honor in the Philippines
• Francisco "Franz" Arcellana was a Filipino writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, and teacher
• Virgilio S. Almario, known by his pen name Rio Alma, is a Filipino artist, poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and cultural manager
• Cirilio F. Bautista established a reputation for fine and profound artistry in his works
• Jose Garcia Villa, a Filipino poet, introduced the reversed consonance rhyme scheme and was known as the "comma poet"
• Amado V. Hernandez was a Filipino writer who practiced "committed art" and wrote the first Filipino socio-political novel, "Mga Ibong Mandaragit"
• Nicomedes "Nick" Marquez Joaquin was a distinguished Filipino writer known for enriching the English language with his unique style
• Bienvenido Lumbera, a National Artist in the Philippines, pioneered the creative fusion of fine arts and popular imagination
• Alejandro Roces was a short story writer and essayist known for his comic short stories in the Philippines
• Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales, known as N.V.M. Gonzalez, was a Filipino fictionist, essayist, poet, and teacher who articulated the Filipino spirit in his works
• Levi Celerio, a Filipino musician, holds a Guinness World Record for making music using just a leaf
• Pre-Spanish Philippine literature included riddles and epigrams that tested the wits of listeners and imparted lessons through rhyme and allegories
• Epigrams are laws or rules on good behavior by ancestors, also seen as allegories or parables teaching lessons for the young
• Idioms are phrases whose meanings aren't obvious from individual words
• Folk songs, known as Awiting Bayan, are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature, mirroring early culture
• Epics are long narrative poems dealing with heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero
• Legends are prose works about the origin of a thing, place, or name, reflecting old Filipino customs and aiming to entertain
• Fables feature animals with human characteristics, delivering a lesson or moral
• Severino Reyes is known as the Father of Tagalog drama, famous for "Walang Sugat"
• Aurelio Tolentino's masterpiece is "Luhang Tagalog" and "Kahapon, Ngayong At Bukas"
• Hermogenes Ilagan founded the group Campaña Ilagan, presenting many dramas in Central Luzon
• Patricio Mariano wrote the novel "Ninay" and "Anak Ng Dagat" (Son of the Sea)
• Pedro Bukaneg is considered the Father of Ilocano Literature