Mircropara part 2

• Lag Phase


  Period when the bacteria are adjusting to the environment.
• Logarithmic Phase


  Bacterial reproduction through binary fission
• Stationary Phase, the rate of bacterial cell growth is equal to the rate of bacterial cell death.
• Death/Decline Phase


  The rate of cell death becomes greater than the rate of cell growth, the population enters the decline phase
• Culture Media


  Microbiological Cultures, Culture medium, Growth medium, Agar plate, Bacterial culture media
• Enrichment media


  Promotes non-selective growth of any bacteria present in a clinical sample, Useful in growing fastidious organisms
• Selective media


  Only allow growth of specificbacterial species from specimens
• Differential media


  Allows the differentiation oforganisms by the variation ofgrowth patterns
• Gene Transfer


  Allows bacteria to quickly adapt to newenvironments.
• Conjugation


  Gene transfer from onebacterial cell to anotherthrough cell-cell contact
• Transduction


  Gene transfer via a phage vector
• Transformation


  Gene transfer from one cell to another by means of naked DNA
• VIRULENCE FACTORS


  an ability of an organism to infect the host andcause a disease
• Adhesins


  Cell surface proteins, that mediate bacterialattachment,
• Toxins


  hydrolytic enzymes that may contribute to thepathogenicity of the bacterium
• Bacterial Capsule


  Prevent phagocytosis, Prevent binding of Ab & C3 on bacterial membrane to phagocyte receptors
• Bacterial adhesin


  cell-surface components or appendages ofbacteria that facilitate adhesion or adherence to other cells orto surfaces, usually the host they are infecting or living in
• Toxin


  Promote infection and disease by directly damaging hosttissues and by disabling the immune system.
• Exotoxins


  produced by pathogens and thenleave the pathogen cells and enterhost cells.
• Endotoxins


  leave the cell wall and enter thebloodstream of the infected host.
• FUNGI


  Found in just about any habitat but most live on the land
• mycology


  study of fungi
• mycologists


  scientists who study fungi
• mycotoxicology


  study of fungal toxins and their effects
• mycoses


  diseases caused by fungi
• 3 major types of fungus

  Molds, Yeasts, Dimorphic fungi
• Pseudohyphae


  A chain of easily disrupted fungal cells that is intermediatebetween a chain of budding cells
• Septate


  with cross-walls which divide the hyphae into un inucleate cell-like units
• Non-septate orcoenocytic


  cross-walls are absent andappear as long continuouscells with many nuclei
• Fungal Cell wall


  Protect against osmotic lysis
• Plasma membrane


  To regulate the uptake and release of materials
• Microtubules


  Assist in the movement of chromosomes during mitosisand meiosis
• Fungal spores


  Biological particlesthat allow fungi tobe reproduced.
• Sporangiospores


  spores produced by asporangium in many fungi.
• Zygospores


  spores produced by azygosporangium.
• Ascospores


  spores produced byan ascus,characteristic ofascomycetes
• Basidiospores


  spores produced by abasidium,characteristic ofbasidiomycetes
• Yeast


  Unicellular growth of fungi, round or oval, size 8-15 x 3-5 µm, Grows at 37 degree Celsius.
• Molds


  Produce multicellular, filamentous, irregular & dry colonies
• Dimorphic fungi


  fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form)