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• rule of law is the idea that the law should be applied equally to all citizens and that the law should be interpreted in a way that is fair and just
• criminal law is the body of laws that govern the criminal behaviour of individuals and groups
• civil law is the law of the state, the law of the land, and the law of the people and do not involve police
• vote: a formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or courses of action, expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands.
• referendum: a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
• voting age: The minimum age at which someone can vote in an election.
• double majority: 2/3 of the members of the house of representatives and 2/3 of the senate must vote in favor of a bill
• senate: the smaller upper assembly in the US, US states, France, and other countries
• election: an occasion when people are chosen for a job or position, especially as a result of voting.
• democracy: A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
• candidate: A person who is running for public office.
• house of represenation - the house of representatives is the lower house of the congress
• parliament: (in the UK) the highest legislature, consisting of the Sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons
• constitution: An important document that sets out the basic principles and laws of a country.
• bicameral: (of a legislative body) having two chambers
• legislative: having the power to make laws
• executive: relating to or having the power to put plans or actions into effect
• judiciary: the judicial authorities of a country; judges collectively
• separation of powers: the three branches of government are separate and independent from each other
• law: the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties
• monarchy: A form of government where one person has absolute power over their people
• constitution: the basic principles and laws that determine how a state is governed
• appeal is when someone has applied to the higher court to review the decision of a lower court
• precedent is a legal principle that must be followed by lower courts in the same hierarchy in cases where the facts are similar
• statute are acts of parliament
• legislation are laws made by Parliament, also referred to as an Act of Parliament or a Statute
• common law is laws made by judges in courts
• jurisdiction is defined as the power or authority of a court to hear a particular type of legal dispute