Religion

• Altruism is the feeling to show a desire to help
• Empathy is a feeling that you understand and share another person's experiences, emotions, and feelings
• Nursing as a calling - is an earnest purpose to serve humanity, not only by giving curative care to the body of the sick but serving the needs of the mind and spirit
• • THE JEAN WATSON THEORY the existence of virtue of an ethical - moral ideal and commitments to provide care.
• SPIRITUALITY   is an individual's attitude and beliefs related to transcendence (God) or to the non material forces of life and of nature.
• RELIGIOUS PRACTICE or RELIGIOSITY     is a person's belief and behaviors associated with a specific religious tradition or denomination.
• DOSSEY -   broad concept that encompasses values, meaning and purpose
• PAMELA REED

  o   Spirituality as an expression of the developmental capacity for self - transcendence.
• MADELINE LEININGER

  Spirituality as a relationship with the supreme being that directs one's belief and practices
• O'BRIEN

  o   Spirituality as human need and describe as a dimension of a person that is concerned with ultimate end and values
• THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIRITUALITY

  1. Unfolding Mystery
  2. Harmonious Interconnectedness
  3. Inner Strength
• 1.      UNFOLDING MYSTERY - related to one's attempt to understand the meaning and purpose of life.
• HARMONIOUS INTERCONNECTEDNESS - an individual's relationship to other persons and / or to God
• THE NURSE AS HEALER

  When a nurse is described as a healer, one tends to focus on his or her ability to relieve suffering
•   Theology comes form the Greek words theos meaning God and logos or science. Theology is an ordered body of knowledge about God. Faith seeking understanding.
• Caring - is an active attitude which genuinely conveys to the other person that he or she does really matter
• Wherein a Franciscan Sister Mary Berenice Beck was a great nurse during this era.
• Inner Strength - relates to one personal spiritual resources and sense of the sacred.
• 1.      BABYLONIA

  ·        Code of Hammurabi - suggested that nursing care was provided for patients between physicians visit.
• 1.      EARLY BUDDHIST IN CHINA

  ·        discovers the curative value of many plants led to nursing therapeutics employing herbology.
• 1.      HINDU IN INDIA

  ·        role for male nurses.
• 1.      IRELAND

  ancient druidic priest and priestesses advised on care and healing of illness.
• druidic - priest in ancient British religion.
• ·        priestesses - women who leads religious activities in some religion.
• Four Key Societies whose Spiritual and Cultural Contributions are Most Frequently cited that Support the Art and Science of Modern Medicine and Nursing:

  1. Egypt
  2. Greece
  3. Rome
  4. Israel
• EGYPT

  ·        has a strong elements of religious magic.

  ·        practice of embalming was taught.
• ·        First physician in Egypt = Imhotep
• Ebers Paryrus - first medical textbook.
• GREECE

  ·        nursing in the Greco - Roman era was largely the responsibility of members of the patient's own family or that of slaves employed to provide specific skills.
• Aesculapius - God of healing
• a.      Hygeia - one of his five children = the Goddess of Health
• a.      Panacea "cure all" = the Restorer of Health
• ROME

  ·        did not offer great advances in nursing practice but depend greatly on the knowledge of the Greek physicians.
• ISRAEL

  ·        Hebrew's nursing care for the ill and infirm was provided in their Mosaic Law. Israel is the foundations of public health nursing which is naturally regarded by visiting the sick as its religious duty
• The Old Testament scriptures contain references to the nurses as: servant, companion, helpmate.
• first physician in Egypt - imhotep
• 1.      Veronica of Jerusalem = Comforter of the afflicted

  ·        A woman who is present during Christ's painful journey to Calvary and cleansed His bleeding face with her vail.
• 2.      DEACONS AND DEACONESSES

  ·        Followers of Jesus for whom care of the sick and infirm was an identified task
• ·        DEACON = Diakomen (Greek) - to serve
• • ·        DIAKONIAS a setting precursors to modern hospitals.