E-15

• Location of the E-15

  Southern Iceland bordering the North Atlantic Ocean
• What is unique about E-15

  Covered by an ice cap
• What plate margin was the volcano on?

  Constructive
• What plates were involved?

  North American and Eurasian Plates
• What type of lava was produced and its nature?

  Basaltic lava which is fluid in nature.
• What caused the eruption?

  Melting ice flooded the volcano where it met bubbling magma.

  Intense cooling resulted into increased pressure and forced magma to cool in jagged positions.
• Initial Hazards that occurred.

  10km high ash plume

  Plume reached the stratosphere causing air travel problems

  Some earthquakes but none of high significance

  Flooding from J-8 river
• Magnitude of the volcano

  VEI 3
• Economic impacts

  Ash plume stopped 100,000 jet engines

  Europe lost $2.6 billion

  However local farmers had increased and natural fertility from ash
• Social Impacts

  700 people evacuated due to flooding

  500 people evacuated from the eruption

  Caused health issues

  No real positives
• Environmental impacts

  J-8 river became 100x its capacity

  Cattle poisoned from fluoride ions.

  However less aircraft so CO2 emissions dropped by 2.8 million tonnes

  Artificial fertiliser not needed for locals