Lesson 6

• Motives of Spaniards

  1. Spice trade

  2. 3 Gs: God, Gold, and Glory.
• March 16, 1521 - the date that the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippine soil.
• Homonhon - an island in Eastern Samar where Magellan landed.
• Limasawa - where the first Catholic mass in the country was celebrated.
• April 14, 1521 - date that Fr. Pedro Valderrama baptized more than 500 natives along with Rajah Humabon.
• Ruy López de Villalobos - named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Prince Philip of Asturias, who reigned as the King of Spain from 1556 to 1598.
• 1565 - the year King Philip II of Spain officially colonized the country and assigned the new expedition to the first Governor-General Miguel López de Legazpi.
• The 333-year Spanish colonization ended with outbreaks of revolution and the rise of independence. The Propaganda Movement, led by the Ilustrados.
• Members of the Reform Movement

  Jose Rizal

  Marcelo H. del Pilar

  Mariano Ponce

  Graciano Lopez Jaena - publisher

  They wrote for La Solidaridad.  
• Revolutionaries

  Andres Bonifacio (May Pag-asa)

  Emilio Jacinto (Dimasilaw) wrote for Kalayaan

  Both La Solidaridad and Kalayaan contributed to secular writings during the period and ignited the desire of the Filipinos to be free from Spain.
• In 1593, a prayer book called the Doctrina Christiana en lengua Española y tagala (Christian Doctrine in the Spanish and Tagalog Languages) was one of the first books printed in the Philippines.
• The first book explaining the principles of the Tagalog language was Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (The Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language).
• Ladinos - A bilingual poem with religious themes characterized by alternating lines or verses in Tagalog and Spanish.
• The term ladino also refers to Filipinos who were fluent in both Spanish and Filipino.
• In the Philippines, a book entitled Memorial de la vida Cristiana en lengua Tagala (Guidelines for the Christian Life in the Tagalog Language) by Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose included a ladino or bilingual complimentary poem written by Francisco Bagongbanta known by its first line “Salamat nang walang hangga” (“Unending Thanks”).
• Corrido – a legendary religious narrative form that usually details the lives of saints or a history of a tradition.
• Awit – is a chivalric poem about a hero usually a saint.
• Pasyon – is a narrative poem about life of Jesus Christ beginning from his birth and up to his death. It is usually sung during Lenten Season.
• Cenaculo – The dramatization of the passion of Christ. The Sufferings and Death of Jesus Christ. A good example is the San Pedro Cutud Lenten Rites in San Fernando Pampanga.
• Moro – Moro – or Comedia de Capa y Espada is a blood and thunder melodrama depicting conflict of Christian and Muslims.
• Carillo – a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle . This is created by animating figures made from cardboard which are projected onto white screen.
• Tibag – The dramatic reenactment of St. Helena`s search for the Holy Cross. St. Helena is a mother of Constantine.  
• Duplo – or Karagatan are native dramas that are connected to catholic mourning rituals and harvest celebrations.
• Zarzuela – probably one of the most famous forms of entertainment back in the Spanish era. These are musical comedies or melodramas that deal with the elemental passions of human beings.
• Moriones – a festival in celebration of the life of Saint Longinus (a blond soldier)
• Salubong  – depicts the moment when the Risen Christ met his mother shown during the Easter morning
• Panunuluyan - presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn where Mary can give birth to Jesus.
• Anecdotes – short and amusing stories that contain lessons in life. often used by priests as part of their sermons
• Platicas/Sermon  – lectures presented by Spanish priests that dealt with religious, biblical, and moral topics.
• Novenas - a series of prayers repeated for nine consecutive days and are usually prayers for petition and thanksgiving.
• Essays – One of the most important essays during the Spanish colonial period is “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog” by Andres Bonifacio. It was published in the newspaper Kalayaan.
• Novels – Pedro Paterno’s Ninay (considered the first Filipino novel), Padre Modesto de Castro’s Urbana at Feliza, Padre Miguel Lucio y Bustamante’s Si Tandang Basio Macunat, and Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.