First Aid

• Objectives of First Aid

  to save lives, to prolong lives, to alleviate suffering, to prevent further injury
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider

  Gentle, Observant, Resourceful, Tactful, Sympathetic
• ABC

  Airway, Breathing, Circulation
• CPR

  5 cycles, 30 compressions, 2 initial breaths
• Secondary Survey

  SAMPLE = Symptoms, Allergy, Medication, Past Medical History, Last Oral Intake, Events prior to the accident
• MEN NORMAL PULSE RATE

  60-70
• WOMEN NORMAL PULSE RATE

  70-80
• CHILDREN OVER 7 YEARS OLD NORMAL PULSE RATE

  80-90
• CHILDREN OVER 1-7 YEARS OLD

  80-120
• INFANTS NORMAL PULSE RATE

  110-130
• Body temperature is measured by using a thermometer within the: 3 KINDS


  RECTUM, ORAL, AXILLARY
• Details discovered by applying your senses during the course of examination

  SIGNS
• Sensations that the victim feels or experience and may be described

  SYMPTOMS
• Used to apply pressure for bleeding, covering wounds and burns, provides immobilization support for broken bones


  BANDAGES
• 3 types of bandages

  TRIANGULAR, ACE, TUBULAR
• Used for wounds on top and back of the head, chest, back, hand, foot, and an arm sling.

  OPEN PHASE
• Used for wounds that need extra support like wound on the eye, elbow, knee, shoulder, jaw, forehead, hip, arm

  CRAVAT PHASE
• It is a breaking in the continuity of tissues in the body.

  Wounds
• It is a pierced wound cause by nails, needle, and any pointed objects

  PUNCTURE
• It is cause by rubbing or scraping the skin into a rough surface

  ABRASION
• It is a cut by a knife, broken glass, or any sharp objects

  INCISION
• It is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling tools, or any other accidents

  LACERATION
• It is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues

  AVULSION
• It is a break or a crack in the bone

  FRACTURE
• An injury to the ligaments of the bone due to accidentally tearing or overstretched

  SPRAIN
• An injury to the muscle which is a result of improper use of muscle

  STRAIN
• caused by loss of salts and water due to excessively high heat temperature

  Heat Exhaustion
• caused by consuming food or drinks that are contaminated with bacteria or viruses

  food poisoning
• results when foreign object blocks the throat

  Choking
• happens when air cannot get in the lungs because of water

  Drowning
• caused by sudden obstruction of blood supply to the dart of the heart muscles

  Heart Attack
• often due to domestic incidents such as touching a hot iron, friction, or spilling boiling water on skin

  Burns
• caused by the failure of "thermostat" in the brain to regulate blood temperature

  Heat Stroke
• a condition in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is seriously impaired by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel

  Stroke
• what is the motion of airway on the primary survey?

  Scooping Motion
• what method is used for breathing in primary survey?

  Head-Tilt-Chin-Lift & Look-Listen-Feel
• what is used for checking the victim's pulse on breathing?

  Carotid Pulse
• immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured.

  First Aid
• Roles of a First Aider

  A bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician
• Roles of a First Aider

  not intended to compete with or to take place in the services of a physician