cells

• what can stem cells from bone marrow specialise into?

  only red blood cells
• where are stem cells found?

  animal embryos, bone marrow and plant meristems
• why are embryo clones made of a person?

  to harvest stem cells from.

  these can be used to treat conditions without them being rejected from the body
• what can cloning plants be used for?

  to preserve species, or to produce desired traits
• equation for magnification?

  image size / actual size
• describe vaccination

   involves introducing dead or inactive forms of the pathogen into the body so that the white blood cells are stimulated into producing antibodies.
• example of where osmosis is used?

  root hair cells absorbing water
• example of active transport?

  how mineral ions move into root hair cells
• when does bacterial population remain constant?

  when the rate of cell death = rate of cell division
• how do you use a microscope with a x5 eyepiece lens at a magnification of x50?

  use a x10 objective lense as well

  so total magnification is x50
• define cancer

  a non communicable disease caused by genetic mutation in cells causing them to multiply uncontrollably. increased risk from carcinogens. tumours form
• define tissue

  group of similar cells working together to perform function
• define organ

  group of tissues working together for a specific function
• what are organs grouped into?

  organ systems, which work together to form organisms
• purpose and adaptations of muscle cells?

  • contract for movement
  • contain lots of mitochondria (provide energy for movement)
  • contain protein fibres which can change length