Changes in Death rates

• How has Life expectancy changed from 1901

  .1901-50 for men,57 for women

  .2020-87 for women,90 for women
• Why are some reasons that there have been changes in death rates

  .Improved Nutritions

  .Medical Improvements, smoking and diet

  .Public health matters

  .Social changes

  .Class,gender and regional differences
• Explain why Improved Nutrition has lead do a decrease in death rates

  .Better nutrition increased resistance to infection and increased survival chances of infected people
• What does Thomas McKeown say about improved nutrition

  .improved nutrition accounted for up to half the reduction in death rates and was important in reducing the number of deaths in TB
• How is McKeown criticised

  .doesnt explain why females wjo revieve smaller share of family food lived longer than males

  .fails to explain why deaths from some infectious diseases such as measles which rose at the time of improving nutrition
• How did Medical Improvements, smoking and diets lead to a change in death rates

  .After 1950s improved medical knowledge techniques and organisations- NHS in 1948
• What did Harper say about Medical Improvements decreasing death rates

  .greatest fall in death rates because of reduction in number of smokers
• How has Public Health measures lead to changes in death rates

  .more effective central and local government with necessary power to pass and enforce laws lead to a range of improvements in public health and quality of environment
• What were some Public health measures

  .improvements in housing

  .purer drinking water

  .pasteurisation of milk

  .improved sewage disposal methods

  .Clean Air Acts reduced air pollution (smog)
• What social changes have changed death rates

  .decline of dangerous jobs-eg mining

  .smaller family- less risk of transmission of infection

  .more knowledge of cause of illness

  .Lifestyle changes,especially reduction in number of smokers

  .higher incomes-healthier lifestyles