Science 3rd Quarter

• Alzheimer's disease - Alzhamers disease is a condition characterized by severe mental deterioration which gets worse over time.
• Parkinson's Disease - Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease of me nervous system that affects the patient movement.
• AIDS is caused by a virus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system.
• Treponema Pallidum- Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
• Nelssena Gonorrhea - Gonorrhea is caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhea.
• Dwarfism - Pituitary dwarfism is characterized by the body's insufficient production of growth hormones.
• Diabetes - Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which a Person's blood glucose level is high due to inadequate insulin production or inability of booty cells to respond to insulin, or both.
• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to little to no insulin production. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
• Epilepsy - is a brain disorder associated with seizures, involuntary movement, and loss of consciousness.
• Adrenal Gland - The word adrenal means "above kidney". Each adrenal gland is located atop each of your kidneys. Adrenal glands play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to stressors in the body.
• Pineal Gland- The Pineal Gland is located near the thalamus of the brain, where the two halves of the brain join. Its primary purpose is to produce and regulate the hormone melatonin, which plays a key role in regulating sleep patterns and circadian rhythms.
• Pituitary Gland - is also called hypophysis is a pea-sized gland found in me center of the skull, right behind the bridge of the nose and below the hypothalamus of the brain. The pituitary gland, often referred to as the "master gland," plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by secreting hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.
• Thyroid gland - is located just under the larynx or voice box. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body by producing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones help control the rate of metabolism, energy production, body temperature, heart rate, and digestion. Additionally, the thyroid gland also helps regulate growth and development, particularly during childhood. Overall, the thyroid gland is essential for maintaining overall health and proper functioning of the body's systems.
• Sympathetic Division - increases blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate.
• Central Nervous System (CNS) - processes information and sends instructions to the other parts of the body.
• The somatic nervous system is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and processing sensory information from the external environment. It is also responsible for the medication of spinal reflexes, which are involuntary.
• Parasympathetic Division is most active under normal conditions; it keeps the body functioning even when the person is not active.
• Stages of human development before birth : A human being develops from an egg that has been fertilized by a sperm. The process begins when sperm are deposited in the vagina, then move through the uterus into the fallopian tubes. If the sperms reach the fallopian tube within 36 hours during the female's ovulation period, there will be an egg ready to be fertilized in one of the fallopian tubes.
• Development during pregnancy: 8 weeks - Major organs have begun to form. Limbs are developed 12 weeks - skin and nails form. Internal organs start to develop 21 weeks - Hair forms on the body and head. Facial features are obvious 8 Months - fetal development nears completion. The brain grows rapidly and the lungs continue to grow. Bones on the head are soft So the Baby can easily pass through the birth canal.
• Parts of sperm cell: Head - that contains the chromosomes MIDPIECE -that contains the mitochondria Tail - responsible for the sperm's movement Acrosome- Nucleus covered by a cap called acrosome, which stores the enzymes needed to penetrate an egg cell during fertilization
• Endocrine system - functions to keep all parts of the body running smoothly. It consists of glands that produce hormones to control the body's normal functioning.
• Hormones- Hormones are chemical messengers that carry instructions to cells to manage their activities. They are secreted by the endocrine system to coordinate the activities of the body and keep it functioning properly.
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - links the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to the rest of the body. The PNS gathers and delivers information to and from the Central Nervous System (CNS).
• Cerebellum - is the second largest part of the brain and is located behind the brain stem. It coordinates the actions of the muscles and maintains balance so that the body's motor movements can move smoothly, Steadily, and efficiently.
• Sperm cells - are produced in the linings of the seminiferous tubules through meiosis.
• Vas dererens - Mature sperm cells travel from the epididymis to a long tube called the vas deferens.
• Scrotum- The testes are oval-shaped organs found inside a protective sac of San called the scrotum.
• Testes - the location of the testes in the scrotum, union is outside the body, is very important for the proper development of sperm.
• Penis- The urethra leads the sperm through the penis, the male organ that deposits the sperm in the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse or copulation.
• Vagina - During sexual intercourse, sperm cells are deposited inside the vagina, a passage that leads from the outside of the female's body to the entrance of the uterus called the cervix.
• Fallopian tube - is a passageway through which an ovum moves from the ovary to the uterus. It is also where the ovum is fertilized.
• If fertilization occurs, the fertilized ovum, now called zygote, travels down further and implants it self in a hollow, fist sized, muscular organ called uterus.
• The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and serves as a vital link between the mother and the developing fetus. It forms within the uterus and connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord. The placenta is responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus from the mother's bloodstream, as well as removing waste products from the fetus' bloodstream. Additionally, the placenta produces hormones that help maintain pregnancy and support fetal development. After birth, the placenta is expelled from the mother's body, completing the delivery process.
• Starting from implantation of the zygote to the uterine wall up to the first two months of pregnancy, the developing child is called the embryo.
• The ovaries are the female reproductive structures responsible for producing eggs.
• Egg cell - A cell that is produced by the ovaries and contains the female gamete. They are also the biggest cells in the body.
• The onset of mature egg cell production among female starts around the ages of 11 to 14 gears, during the first discharge of blood from the vagina called menarone. Every month thereafter, a normal adult female releases a mature egg cell on a female gamete from one of her ovaries.
• The nervous system is the communication system of the body that allows for the transmission of information from one part of the body to another. It is divided into 2 main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It works together as a team to monitor, coordinate, and control the activities of the entire body.
• Impulses - A nerve impulse is a wave of chemical and electrical signals that is conducted along the membrane of a neuron. It travels from sensory to interneurons to motor neurons.
• The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for children aged 11-12 years. It is given in two doses. And it is used for the prevention of cervical cancer. Children need to have the vaccine as it is a sexually transmitted disease.