Exam 2

• In distillation, components are separated by boiling point.
• A simple distillation should be used when one of the components is volatile and one is non-volatile or each of the miscible components have significantly different boiling points.
• The top line of a vapor-liquid phase diagram represents condensation while the bottom line is boiling.
• A fractionation can also be referred to as a theoretical plate.
• Shaking contents of separation maximizes surface area between layers and speeds up equilibrium process
• Is Kpart volume independent?

  True
• Kpart can be changed by: temperature, addition of salt, solute identity, identity of immiscible liquid system.
• Molecules with neutral charge will remain in the organic layer.
• Molecules with charge will remain in the aqueous layer.
• In liquid chromatography, the stationary phase is commonly micron-sized silica particles.
• In gas chromatography, the stationary phase can be a liquid-like wax or silicone on the inside of the column.
• The mobile phase moves at a given velocity
• The mobile phase can be water or an organic solvent in liquid chromatography.
• In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is an inert gas like helium or nitrogen.
• Any difference in total time on the column results from favorable interactions with the stationary phase.
• Separation to collect components for future use is a preparatory separation.
• Separation to identify and quantify components of a mixture is an analytical separation.
• Column chromatography is used to separate peptide-drug conjugate from other components.
• Thin-layer chromatography is a separation that allows you to test multiple mobile phase compositions quickly.
• Preparatory separations rely on liquid chromatography
• For charged molecules, use liquid chromatography.
• For high vapor pressures/low boiling points, use gas chromatography.
• Low volatility/high boiling points, use liquid chromatography.
• In adsorption chromatography, molecules are separated based on polarity.
• In ion and ion exchange chromatography, molecules are separated by charge differences.
• In size-exclusion or gel permeation chromatography, molecules are separated by size.
• In affinity chromatography, molecules are separated by a unique characteristic like functional group or shape (antibodies).