FIRST QUIZ

• Which means that a rational thinking person and being self conscious is the proof that there is a self.
• Thinking is a mental process of being conscious. This involves our thoughts, your wish, your aspirations.

  
  

  Basicallyanything that passes throughyour mind is THINKING.​
• Daniel Kahneman is an Israeli American psychologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
• System One

  
• System Two

  
• Cognitive bias - Tendencies to perceive events in a negative manner.
• Selective Abstraction - Here the person focuses only on certain details and ignores the other details.​
• Dichotomous thinking - Here the thinking is either or type. That is, the things are completely good or completely bad.
• Over generalization - This refers to arriving at a conclusion on the basis of very little information.​
• Magnification - This refers to the overestimation of a single event than the actual.​
• Minimization - Minimizing value of some event that what it actually is.
• Arbitrary inference - Drawing conclusions that have no evidence.​
• Emotion​ - A conscious mental reaction (such as anger or fear) subjectively experienced as strong feeling.​
• Emotion regulation may be broadly defined as the way in which a person uses emotional experiences to provide for adaptive functioning. (Thompson, 1994)
• Behavior - An organism’s activities in response to external or internal stimuli, including objectively observable activities, introspectively observable activities (see covert behavior).
• URIE BRONFRENBRENNER

  • American & Developmental Psychologist
  • Formulated the Ecological Systems Theory
  • His theory focuses on the quality and context of the child's environment
• The Microsystem essentially are the things that are in the child’s immediate surroundings and connection.
• MESOSYSTEM - It proposes that children don’t develop only by influence from their close familial environment – surrounding environments are influential on the development of the child as well.
• EXOSYSTEM - Environment that do not directly interact with the child, but nonetheless have an important influence on the child’s development.
• MACROSYSTEM - the largest and most distant collection of people and places to the children that still have significant influences on them.
• CHRONOSYSTEM - is made up of the environmental events and transitions over the life course.
• Socialization is the means by which human infants begin to acquire the skills necessary to perform as a functioning member of their society.
• The SELF-CONCEPT is the sum total of beliefs we each have about ourselves. How you think, evaluate or perceived yourself.
• Two types of Self-Concept

  • The Existential Self
  • The Categorical Self
• The Existential Self - This is 'the most basic part of the self-scheme or self-concept; the sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self' (Bee, 1992).
• The Categorical Self - Having realized that he or she exists as a separate experiencing being, the child next becomes aware that he or she is also an object in the world.
• Social Relationships define our self How we think of ourselves is

  linked to the person we are

  with at the moment
• Charles Horton Cooley

  • American Sociologist, the founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905.
  • Best known for his concept of “looking-glass self”.
• LOOKING GLASS SELF - Our self-image comes from our own self-reflection and from what others think of us. The looking-glass self describes the process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them. Using social interaction as a type of “mirror”, people use the judgements they receive from others to measure their own worth, values, and behavior.
• LOOKING GLASS SELF FOUR PRIMARY GROUPS

  • Parents
  • Siblings
  • Play Groups
  • Elders
• George Mead (1863-1931) - An American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist. Mead’s central concept is the self.

  • SELF-AWARENESS
  • SELF - IMAGE
• 3 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF

  
• STAGE 1: The Preparatory Stage (birth –about age 2)

  • Children mimic or imitate those around them.
  • They start to learn language.
  • Incapable of taking in the perspective of others
• STAGE 2: The Play Stage (from about age 2 to six)

  • Children play pretend as the specific other.
  • They do not adhere to the rules in organized games
• STAGE 3: The Game Stage (from about age seven onwards) -

  • •Children begin to understand and adhere to the rules of games.
  • They start to understand the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of generalize others.
  • They start to be concerned about the opinions of others that is why they start to act based on the expectations of society.
• ME (The social self) - is myself and how others see me. Me receives the action.
• I (Our response to the “Me”) - is how you see yourself. I does the action.