Structure cells

• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• How do multicellular organisms like animals and plants differ from bacteria in terms of cell division?

  They grow or replace dead cells, not reproduce
• How many different types of cells are estimated to be in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  Cell membranes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm's role in a cell?

  Holds subcellular structures and reactions
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are the additional structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

  Cell sap, a mixture of sugars, salts, and water
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What substance do chloroplasts contain that is essential for photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What does unicellular mean in relation to bacteria?

  Organisms made of a single cell
• What structures do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial genetic material organized?

  Single circular strand of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA carrying extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in some bacteria?

  Propel the bacteria for movement
• How do the structures of prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles
• What are the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells:

  • Have a nucleus
  • Have membrane-bound organelles
  • Can be multicellular

  
  

  Prokaryotic cells:

  • Lack a nucleus
  • Lack membrane-bound organelles
  • Are unicellular