Bonding and structure

• In what type of solvents do ionic lattices dissolve?
• Covalent bonding

  Electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei
• What are the 3 main types of chemical bonds?
• Metallic bonding

  Electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons
• Define ionic bonding
• Why does giant ionic lattices conduct electricity when liquid but not when solid?
• Ionically bonded substance

  • NaCl (Sodium Chloride - salt)
• Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?
• Define covalent bonding
• Ionic bonding


  The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
• Giant ionic lattices have high or low melting and boiling point? Explain your answer
• Main types of chemical bonds

  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Metallic
• Electrons in which shell are represented in a dot and cross diagram?
• Define metallic bonding
• What is formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons?
• What are the types of covalent structure?
• What is average bond enthalpy?
• How are oxonium ions formed?
• What is it called when atoms are bonded by a single pair of shared electrons?
• How many covalent bonds does oxygen form?
• What is formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons?
• What is a lone pair?
• Describe the bonding in simple molecular structures?
• What does expansion of the octet mean?
• What is a dative covalent bond?
• How many covalent bonds does carbon form?
• Examples of giant covalent structures

  • Diamond
  • Graphite
  • Silicon dioxide, SiO2
• Simple molecular structures cannot conduct electricity
• Properties of giant covalent structures

  • High melting and boiling point
  • Non conductors of electricity, except graphite
  • Insoluble in polar and non-polar solvents
• Reason why simple molecular structures do not conduct electricity
• Simple molecular structures have low melting and boiling points
• Simple molecular structures dissolve in non-polar solvents
• Strong covalent bonds within the molecules need to be broken which requires a lot of energy
• Delocalised electrons present between the layers are able to move freely carrying the charge
• 3D tetrahedral structure of C atoms, with each C atom bonded to four others
• Number of electron pairs in the outer shell Number of these electrons which are bonded and lone
• Small amount of energy is enough to overcome the intermolecular forces
• The have no free charged particles to move around
• How graphite conducts electricity
• Bonding in simple molecular structures

  Atoms within the same molecule are held by strong covalent bonds and different molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces