immune system

• What is the main function of the immune system?

  To protect against pathogens
• What does the nonspecific defense system do?

  Stops pathogens from entering the body
• What happens when the skin is damaged?

  Pathogens can invade the body
• What are toxins?

  Chemicals released by bacteria
• How do pathogens affect the body?

  They multiply and damage healthy tissue
• What are the two main functions of the immune system?

  Destroys pathogens and protects against future infections
• What type of cells are involved in the immune system?

  White blood cells
• What is the process called when white blood cells ingest pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• What do white blood cells use to destroy pathogens?

  Enzymes
• What are antibodies?

  Protein molecules produced by white blood cells
• How do antibodies function against pathogens?

  They stick to pathogens and trigger destruction
• Why are antibodies considered specific?

  They protect against only one type of pathogen
• How long can antibodies remain in the blood?

  For a long time
• What do antitoxins do?

  They prevent toxins from damaging cells
• What can certain bacteria release that makes us feel unwell?

  Toxins
• What is the relationship between white blood cells and toxins?

  White blood cells produce antitoxins against toxins
• What are the key functions of white blood cells in the immune system?

  • Ingest and destroy pathogens
  • Produce antibodies
  • Produce antitoxins
• How does the immune system respond to a pathogen invasion?

  1. Pathogens invade through damaged skin
  2. White blood cells detect and ingest pathogens
  3. Antibodies are produced to target specific pathogens
  4. Antitoxins are released to neutralize toxins