Bio Lab Quiz 2

• Glycolysis takes place in the

  cytoplasm of the cell
• Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration go through the process of 


  glycolysis
• if oxygen is present, cells can push molecules to more molecules.
• Cellular respiration can take place without oxygen
• Aerobic respiration 


  respiration that requires oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration 


  respiration that does not require oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration is sometimes referred to as lactic acid or alcoholic fermentation.
• 2 pyruvate molecules produce co2 and 36 total molecules of ATP
• The majority of the ATP produced in Aerobic respiration is a direct result of The Electron Transport Chain
• Anaerobic respiration produces 2 ATP and Anerobic respiration produces 36-38 ATP
• what would be the independent variables in the alcoholic fermentation lab?

  Independent Variable: amount of yeast. Dependent Variable: CO2 amount produced over time.
• what tube has the highest rate of fermentation in the lab?

  test tube 4 because most CO2 evolved since it had more yeast than the other test tubes which created more activation.
• what tubes are the controls in the alcoholic fermentation experiment?

  controls: test tube 1 because it had no yeast added and test tube 2 because it had no sugar (corn syrup) added.
• what was the source of the enzyme used to study this process?

  Yeast
• how did we measure the productivity of the amount of CO2 gas in the lab?

  measured it by displacement in the pipette. CO2 gas displaced solution in pipette.
• general equation of aerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
• general equation of alcoholic fermentation and the involvement of enzymes

  glucose from glycolysis -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP
• when thymine is transcribed, it becomes...

  uracil
• adenine binds with thymine and cytosine binds with guanine. (A = T, C = G) (Apple = Tree, Car = Garage)
• A also binds with U since T becomes this is mRNA transcription.
• The proteins synthesis process occurs in 2 stages
• the first stage of the process is transcription, and the second stage of the process is translation.
• where does Transcription take place? What occurs?

  Transcription takes place in the 1st step of protein synthesis process, and it occurs in the nucleus so it can make a copy of DNA molecules before sending it to the ribosomes. DNA -> mRNA
• mRNA copy goes to ribosomes of the cell.
• where does Translation take place? What occurs?

  Translation takes place in the 2nd step of protein synthesis, and it occurs in the ribosomes, brand new molecules of DNA. mRNA -> protein
• what are the complimentary base paring?


  A = T and C =G
• mRNA brakes away from the nucleus through the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
• information of DNA never changes
• only use DNA as a template or a model
• mRNA zips through ribosomes like a zipper
• tRNA

  Translation RNA
• 3 nitrogen bases (or nucleotides) together are known as...


  Codons
• enzymes form peptide bonds between amino acids
• DNA carries genetic information
• hydrogen bonds are weak and can pull apart 2 DNA strands easily.
• DNA sugar is deoxyribose and has no oxygen
• RNA sugar is ribose, and it has oxygen
• how does transcription differ from DNA replication?

  It differs because it makes a copy of a single DNA strand, but it also uses the copy as a template to attach an mRNA strand to it.
• what is the start for mRNA?

  AUG
• some animo acids may be specified by more than one codon. This is important because it allows for flexibility and reduces the percentage of errors.