IB MYP 4 biology- molecules

• Viruses don't have their own metabolisam, are not made out of cells and can't reproduce by themselvs
• Viruses have organised structure and contain molecules found in living organsiam
• Viruses reproduce in lytical or lysogenic cycle
• Viruses can be: complex, polyhedral, enveloped and helical
• Siye of virus is 20 - 400 nm
• Molecules of life are organic moleculs that consist primerly of hydrogen and carbon atoms
• Basic unit of complex organic molecules is monomer
• Polymerisation is the proces of joining two or more monomer units to form a polymer
• Dehydration synthesis is when two monomers combine and wather leaves the equation
• Hydrolasis is when a polymer is split in to monomers
• Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio
• Carbohydrets are energy storers, instant source of energy and building material
• Monoseccorides have 3 to 10 C atoms
• diseccurides are two monoseccorides that are joined
• glucuse + fructose = sucrose
• glucose + glactose = lactose
• glucose + glucose = maltose
• Polyseccorides contain 10 to 100 and more monomer units
• starch, glaycogen and cellulose are some of polyseccorides
• Monomer of a carbohydrate is a monosaccoride
• Each cell contains around 42 milion proteins, there is around 5000 different proteins in each cell
• Daily protein need is 1g of protein per 1kg of body mass
• lower muscle mass, weak metabolisam, feeling of constant hunger and more prone to infections are results of lack of proteins
• Types of proteins are: enzyms, transport, storage, contractile, protection, hormones, stractural and toxins
• Monomer of a protein is amino acide
• Two amino acides are linked by peptide bonds
• Amino acids consist of amino group, carboxyl group and side chain ( R ). Amino group is always on the left and it attaches to a carboxyl group which is always on the right. An amino chain always starts with amino group and ends with carboxyl group
• Number of peptide bonds in an amino chain is number of amino acids - 1
• Amino acids can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, positivly or negativly charged
• 4 levels of protein structure are primery, secondary, tertiary and quaternery
• In the primery level of protein structure amino acide forms a chain using peptide bonds
• In the secondary level of protein structure amino acide chains fold and twist to form 3D structures called alpha helix and beta pleted sheets
• In tertiary level of protein stracture there is an iteraction between the sheets from secondary level
• In quaternary level of protein structure two or more polypeptide chains conect
• propertys of protein depend on chemical and physical structure
• high temperatures cause denaturing of proteins, highest temperature that proteins can sustaine is 40 degrees C
• Optimal pH for priteins is 7
• Protein denaturation can be reversable and ireversable
• Nucleic acids cary information about how to make proteins
• Polinucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids, they are made out of monomer units called nucleotide