ansci 1105 Poultry production (1st term)

• Poultry - domesticated fowl, such as chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, etc., raised for meats and eggs
• Chicken - 2500 BC in Asia (Red Jungle Fowl)
• Geese - 1500 BC in Egypt
• Turkey – 200 BC in South Western United States
• Mallard Duck – 2500 BC in China
• Muscovy Duck – 16th century AD in Peru
• Quail – 11th century AD in Asia
• Early domestication - Religious and cultural, Cock fighting
• Primary purpose - chicken meat and egg
• Inventory as of June 30, 2023 in the Philippines:

  Chicken = 200.21 million birds

  43.3% native chickens 34.5%broilers and

  22.2% commercial layer
• 2021 per capita consumption:

  Chicken meat = 14.05 kg

  Chicken egg = 5.06 kg (about 78 pcs of eggs)
• Layer - Small body size (1.5 kg mature size)
• Layer - Early sexual maturity (17-18 weeks old)
• Layer - Large clutch size (>12 eggs)
• Broiler - Big body size (4-6 kg mature size)
• Broiler - Late sexual maturity (>20 weeks old)
• Leghorn - Named after the Italian city of Livorno
• Leghorn Chicken - Most popular commercial breeds of chicken

  worldwide and while the majority are white,

  a number of varieties also exist
• Leghorn Chicken - Excellent layers(300 per year), Mature quickly – 18 wks old, Weight averages from 1.4-1.8kg, For large-scale commercial egg production
• Australorp - Australian breed, Large, soft-feathered bird with glossy black

  feathers and a lustrous green sheen. Lay 250 light-brown eggs per year. Developed from the English Orpington. Cocks weigh 4kg; hens 3kg. Skin is white beneath their feathers and the

  females lay brown colored eggs.
• Australorp - World’s record for egg production - 364 eggs in

  365 days (Australian trapnest testing)
• Bantam - Refers most commonly to small breeds of

  chickens. Popular as pets or for show purposes.
• Cornish - (Origin – Cornwall, England ) Cocks – 4.75kg; hens 3.6kg. Large thighs set wide apart. Varieties: Dark, White, White Laced

  Red, Buff . Egg Shell Color: Pale brown and

  medium brown
• New Hampshire -(Origin - New Hampshire, USA) Chestnut red (lighter than the Rhode Island Reds) Cocks 4kg; hens 3kg. Yellow skin beneath feathers. Lay brown eggs.
• Orpington - Large bird from the English class of

  chickens. Bold, upright breed with a wide chest,

  broad back and small head and tail
• Plymouth Rock - (Origin - United States) Dual-purpose. Hardy - for the small farm or backyard. Eggs are brown. Cocks – 4kg and hens 3.5kg
• Rhode Island Red - (Origin – Rhode Island, USA) Mahogany dark red/brown luster, bordering on black. Some have purple spots or green

  stripes. Red/orange eyes and yellow feet.
• Rhode Island Red - Tough birds, resistant to illness, good at foraging and free ranging, and are typically docile, quiet and friendly. Excellent egg layers, producing up to 250 to 300 large, light brown eggs per year. Cocks 4kg and hens slightly less
• TYPES OF COMB - Single, Pea, Strawberry, Cushion, Walnut, Buttercup, V-Shaped, Rose
• 1950’s – development of white egg layers using

  Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL)
• 1960’s – brown egg layers were developed from

  Rhode Island Red x SCWL
• Meat type – developed from Cornish x Plymouth White Rock
• Inbreeding - Mating of closely related animals by descent
• (INBREEDING) Close breeding - siblings, parent to offspring
• (INBREEDING) Line breeding - second degree (grandsiblings, half siblings) descendants of outstanding ancestors
• (INBREEDING) Ordinary inbreeding - mating of distantly related animals w/o regard to single favored ancestors
• Out breeding - mating of unrelated animals
• Upgrading – Native X Exotic breed
• Out crossing – mating of unrelated animals of the same

  breed
• Cross breeding – mating of different breeds (takes

  advantage of Hybrid Vigor)