micp chap 3

• are prokaryotic organisms with simpler structures compared with eukaryotic organisms.

  bacteria
• Bacteria may be classified into three basic shapes.

  coccus (plural cocci)

  bacillus (plural bacillus)

  and spiral shaped or curved
• described as spherical or round- shaped organisms

  Cocci
• a cocci that is arranged in CHAINS

  streptococci
• a cocci that is arranged in CLUSTERS

  staphylococci
• a cocci that is arranged in groups of four

  tetrad
• a cocci that is arranged in groups of eight

  octad
• Rod-shapes organisms are called

  bacilli
• a very short bacilli that resembles an elongated cocci

  coccobacilli
• an organism that shows shows variation in their morphology

  curved and spiral-shaped organisms
• the organism causing cholera

  vibrio cholerae
• cholera is described as 


  comma-shaped
• the causative agent of syphilis

  treponema pallidum
• the shape pf treponema pallidum

  spiral
• the causative agent of diphtheria

  corynebacterium diptheriae
• shape of corynebacterium diphthreriae

  club-shaped
• Types of bacteria

  • Staphylococci
  • Mycobacterium
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Leptospira
  • Spirochetes
• Prokaryotic cells


  Surrounded by a complex envelope that may vary in composition
• Glycocalyx


  The outermost covering of some bacteria. It is a gelatinous substance that is located external to the cell wall, composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide, or both
• multi-layered in gram-positive bacteria and single-layered in gram negative bacteria

  cell wall
• provides rigid support and gives shape to the bacteria

  cell wall
• protects bacteria from osmotic damage, and plays an important role in cell division

  cell wall
• bacterial cell wall

  cell wall
• serves to protect an organism from dehydration

  capsule
• can stimulate response from immune system

  capsule
• capsule if it is strongly attached to the cell wall, and slime layer if it is loosely attached to the cell wall


  glycocyalyx
• indicative of virulence of an organism, antibody aiding the organism in the envasion of phagocytosis

  capsule
• outermost layer of some bacteria

  glycocalyx
• gelatinous substance that is located external the cell wall


  glycocalyx
• glycocyalyx is composed of

  polysaccharide or polypeptide / or both
• principle component is peptidoglycan

  cell wall
• peptidoglycan can also be called

  murein/ mucopeptide
• comprise major surface antigens of gram-positive organisms and can elicit antibody response.


  teichoic acids
• special components of gram-positive cell walls

  teichoic acids

  polysaccharides
• includes the neutral sugars such as maanose, arrabinose, rhamnose, and glucosamine. it also includes some acidic sugars such as glucuronic acid and mannuronic acid


  polysaccharides
• special components of gram-negative walls

  outer membrane

  lipoprotane

  periplasmic space
• a bilayered structure where the inner leaflet is composed of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 

  outer membrane
• It has special protein channels, called porins, that allow the passage of small or low-molecular-weight hydrophilic substances such as sugars and amino acids.


  outer membrane
• LPS has a complex glycolipid called lipid A, responsible for its endotoxin activity.

  lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
• lipopolysaccharide

  he outer leaflet of the outer membrane.The inner core is a polysaccharide made up of repeat units.

  
  

  lipopolysaccharide