BIO EXAM FLASHCARDS

Cards (93)

  • How does potassium move across the membrane of a neuron during repolarization?

    Facilitated Diffusion
  • What feature of carbon makes it most suitable as a basis for life?
    Its bonding properties
  • How are fats and cholesterol transported in the blood?

    As groups of molecules in lipoprotein complexes
  • Which protein has the highest tensile strength (ability to resist breaking when stretched)?

    Spider Silk
  • What is always passed to the next generation as a result of sexual reproduction?
    A haploid set of chromosomes from the mother
  • When do splitting of centromeres, random assortment of chromosomes or reduction division of chromosomes take place?

    Meiosis I and meiosis II
  • Which genotype would be seen in a person suffering from Huntington’s disease?

    Hh
  • Animals in the highest trophic level of a food chain will often be the largest in body size but will be few in numbers. What accounts for the small numbers?

    Energy losses through the food chain
  • Which conditions favour peat formation?

    wet, anaerobic, acidic
  • Bacteria from chicken feces can cause a loss of intestinal villi in small children who happen to eat dirt in rural villages. Which effect could be expected from such a loss of villi?
    Malnutrition
  • When intense physical activity is anticipated, which factor in the blood will increase the frequency of sinoatrial signals to heart muscle?

    Epinephrine
  • How are the insides of alveoli prevented from sticking together?

    Type II pneumocytes providing surfactant
  • Neural pathways in living brains can now be mapped by tracking the movement of water molecules inside axons. What keeps water molecules inside axons?
    Plasma membrane
  • What releases leptin?

    adipose tissue
  • What happens when pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the link reaction?

    decarboxylation
  • ATP is needed to change products of the carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate into triose phosphate. What other substance is also needed?

    Reduced NADP
  • What could account for a normal distribution of height in a population?
    Multiple genes
  • The presence of proteins such as albumin in a urine sample indicates kidney damage. Where in the kidney would the damage exist?
    Cortex
  • What contributes to the total DNA content of a zygote?
    The DNA of father and mother from their nucleus, and the DNA from mitochondria of mother
  • What makes thylakoid suitable for photosynthesis?
    Has ETC and ATP synthase for photophosphorylation
  • What is the mode of transportation of triglycerides?
    simple diffusion
  • What is the mode of transportation of amino acids?
    co-transport
  • What is the mode of transportation of monosaccharides?
    facilitated diffusion
  • What stage and what happens during G1
    Interphase, Cell growth
  • What stage and what happens during S phase
    Interphase, DNA synthesis
  • What stage and what happens during G2 phase
    interphase, preparation for mitosis
  • What are the five stages of mitosis (in order)?
    Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
  • State two features that are found only in mammals
    hair/fur, lactation/milk production
  • Outline the actions taken by the body to avoid infection when the skin is cut.
    First line of defense: blood clotting by fibrin and red blood cells
    Second line of defense: phagocytes ingesting the foreign bacteria by endocytosis
    Third line of defense: production of antibodies for the specific antigens on the pathogen
  • Where are FSH and LH hormones produced
    pituitary glands
  • Function FSH
    stimulates follicular growth
    stimulates estrogen secretion by ovaries from developing follicles
  • Function LH
    surge causes ovulation
    results in the formation of corpus luteum
  • Function estrogen
    thickens uterine lining
    inhibits FSH and LH
    stimulates FSH and LH release pre-ovulation
  • Functions of progesterone
    thickens uterine lining
    inhibits LH and FSH
  • State the role of cyclins in the cell cycle
    Cyclins activate CDKs which then specify target proteins for specific events via phosphorylation
  • outline phosphorylation
    the addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a molecule. 
  • Where is melatonin produced?
    pineal gland in the brain
  • Function of rubisco enzymes
    catalyzes the first reaction of the carbon-fixing reactions of photosynthesis
  • Function of insulin
    decreases blood sugar levels
  • Function of immunoglobulin
    an antibody that recognizes an antigen as part of immune response