Topic 3 (Cellular Respiration)

• Cellular Respiration


  Chemical reactions to release energy for cell life.

  Includes the breaking down of glucose and other energy sources

  The transfer of ATP
• Breathing (respiration) SUPPLIES O2 and GETS RID OF CO2

  Cellular respiration USES O2 and PRODUCES CO2
• Light energy was stored in the glucose of plants during photosynthesis. Cells cannot directly use the energy stored in glucose.
• ATP is used for

  • transferring energy place to place
  • providing energy for protein synthesis, muscle activation, active transport (movement)
• Aerobic respiration


  The presence of oxygen and produces the most energy.

  
  

  Begins in the cytoplasm and is completed in mitochondria
• Anaerobic respiration/fermentation


  Absence of oxygen

  Occurs in cytoplasm
• Net Reaction of Cellular Respiration

  6 C6H12O6(aq) + 6 O2(g) + 36 ADP + 36 Pi -> 6 CO2(g) + 36 ATP + 6 H2O(l)
• ATP

  • Composed of a 5-carbon sugar (ribose), nitrogen base (adenine), 3 phosphate
  • ATP -> ADP releases the most energy
• Motion (cellular): movement within the cell

  • Chromosome movement during mitosis
  • Vacuoles emptying
  • Cytoplasmic streaming
  • Movement of cillia and flagella
• Motion (organism): a change in position

  • Contraction of muscles
• Transport of ions and molecules: Active transport across a membrane

  • ATP synthesis
  • Sodium-potassium pump
• Building molecules: energy needed to build large molecules

  • Protein synthesis (amino acids)
  • building new DNA
• Switching reactions on and off (alters shape of molecule, alters purpose)

  • Enzyme, coenzyme, competitive inhibitor, cofactor
• Bioluminescence: reacts luciferin and oxygen

  • glow-worms, fireflies, etc.
• Mitochondria

  • Round, sausage-shaped, double-membrane
  • Only in eukaryotic cells (multicellular)
  • Made from endosymbiosis
  • Produces large quantities of ATP (aerobic respiration)
  • Inner membrane highly folded
  • Contain individual DNA
  • Capable of reproducing itself independently of the cell
  • Comes from mother's genes
• Mitochondrial matrix

  Protein-rich fluid INSIDE inner membrane of mitochondria
• Intermembrane space

  Fluid-filled space BETWEEN inner and outer mitochondrial membranes