Hypotheses and variables

• How do psychologists typically test theories?

  Using objective research methods
• What is the purpose of formulating an aim in research?

  To explain the purpose of a study
• In research, what are variables?

  Anything that can change or vary
• What does IV stand for in experimental research?

  Independent variable
• What is the role of the experimenter in relation to the independent variable (IV)?

  Deliberately changing the variable
• Why are there usually two levels of the independent variable (IV)?

  To enable comparisons
• What is measured by the researcher in an experiment?

  The dependent variable (DV)
• What factor should primarily affect the dependent variable (DV)?

  Change in the IV
• What is operationalisation in research?

  Variables are measurable with clear instructions
• Why is operationalisation important in research?

  To ensure variables are measurable
• What is a hypothesis in research?

  A clear and precise testable statement
• What three components are typically included in a testable hypothesis?

  Relationship, DV, two levels of the IV
• What does an alternative hypothesis state?

  Relationship or difference between variables
• What does a null hypothesis state?

  No relationship between variables
• What is established if the DV changes due to manipulation of the IV?

  Cause and effect